TL;DR: It is concluded that accurate temperature measurements using digital thermometers are only likely if the thermometer is inserted to the beginning of the window and the thermometers' accuracy is checked periodically.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide information of general interest to manufacturers and users of liquid-in-glass thermometers, including a discussion of important principles of acceptable thermometer design and factors affecting their use.
Abstract: Report containing information of general interest to manufacturers and users of liquid-in-glass thermometers This report supersedes Monograph 90 Instructions explaining how to submit a thermometer to the National Bureau of Standards for calibration are provided, and the techniques and equipment, such as stirred liquid comparison baths, used in the calibration procedures are described A discussion of important principles of acceptable thermometer design and factors affecting their use is included Listed are tables of tolerances reflecting good manufacturing practices and reasonably attainable accuracies expected with liquid-in-glass thermometers The calculation of corrections for the temperature of the emergent stem is given in detail for various types of thermometers and conditions of use
TL;DR: Bolton as discussed by the authors gave the history of the thermometer from the time of Galileo to that of Celsius and Christin, and gave a most interesting little book, giving the history from 1592 to 1743.
Abstract: THIS is a most interesting little book, giving the history of the thermometer from the time of Galileo to that of Celsius and Christin.Evolution of the Thermometer, 1592–1743.By Henry Carrington Bolton. Pp. 98. (Easton, Pa., U.S.A.: Chemical Publishing Co., 1900.) Price 1 dollar.
TL;DR: In this article, a thermocouple differential thermometer with Niobium leads connected to a SQUID is presented, and it is demonstrated that at 1 K the response time is about 15 ms and that the temperature sensitivity of 10−7 K with a 10−Hz filter is Johnson-noise limited.
Abstract: Details of design and construction of a simple and rugged thermocouple differential thermometer are presented. Gold +0.03 at. % iron wire is used, with niobium leads connected to a SQUID. It is demonstrated that at 1 K the response time is about 15 ms and that the temperature sensitivity of 10−7 K with a 10‐Hz filter is Johnson‐noise limited. Additional qualities such as small size, little self‐heating, and high reproducibility make this device ideal for differential thermometry at low temperatures.