Crayfish

Abstract: The snail Physella virgata virgata, a widely distributed freshwater pulmonate, was observed to change its life-history characteristics in the presence of the crayfish Orconectes virilis in spring-fed Oklahoma streams. These changes were apparently initiated by a water-borne cue released when crayfish fed on conspecific snails. In the presence of the cue, snails exhibited rapid growth rates and little reproduction until they reached a size of about 10 mm after 8 months. In the absence of the cue, snails typically grew to about 4 mm (3.5 months) and then began reproduction. The chemically inducible shift indicates that the life histories of these snails are phenotypically plastic. By increasing the variance associated with size and age of maturity, prey may increase the likelihood of coexisting with seasonal predators.

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Freshwater crayfish : biology, management, and exploitation in . Freshwater crayfish : biology, management and exploitation / edited by D.M. Holdich and R.S. Lowery. 1988. Holdich, D. M.. Lowery, R. S. (Roger S.) eng. Folia Biologica Google Books Result Written by 22 well-known experts, Biology of Freshwater Crayfish has been carefully edited by David Holdich, internationally . Essential reading for anyone involved in crayfish biology or exploitation. ... Fish (Institute of Fisheries Management). The effect of dietary protein source on growth and carcass . Springer 1988, English, Book, Illustrated edition: Freshwater crayfish : biology, management, and exploitation / edited by D.M. Holdich and R.S Lowery. Get this edition ... Advances in Freshwater Decapod Systematics and Biology Google Books Result Freshwater crayfish: biology, management, and exploitation. Front Cover. David Malcolm Holdich ... Bibliographic information. QR code for Freshwater crayfish ... 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Abstract: In laboratory aquaria, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) influenced activity, substrate selection, behavior, and food consumption of crayfish (Orconectes propinquus) of different sizes and sexes. In the presence of a predator, crayfish selected substrates affording most protection, significantly modified the frequency of various behavior patterns, and reduced their overall activity. Active behavior patterns such as walking—climbing and feeding were suppressed while defensive patterns, such as burrowing and chelae display increased. Grazing by crayfish on their detrital food supply was also suppressed by bass. Degree of response of crayfish appeared correlated with liability to predation, i.e., small, vulnerable crayfish were most affected, whereas large, less vulnerable crayfish were least affected. Because crayfish ♂ ♂ have larger chelae than ♀ ♀, they apparently were better able to defend themselves against predators; consequently, less vulnerable ♂ ♂ did not modify their behavior as dramatically as ♀ ♀. In field collections crayfish exposed on the substrate were larger than those buried; fewer ♀ ♀ than ♂ ♂ were exposed. Thus, field observations correlated well with laboratory findings, suggesting that predators affect distribution and behavior of crayfish in natural communities. By affecting several trophic levels within aquatic systems, influence of predators goes beyond simple interactions of predator and prey.

Abstract: Many ecologists and aquaculturists view crayfish as either detritivores or herbivores. The nutritional importance of detritus and plant material, seemingly confirmed by examination of stomach contents is exaggerated. Examination of stomach contents emphasizes indigestible residues, for example, plant fragments and detritus, while neglecting the ingestion of easily digestible soft‐bodied metazoans. The few comparative studies that have measured the assimilation and metabolic use of ingested items reveal animal protein to be the chief substance promoting rapid growth. Crayfish are not indiscriminate omnivores; in fact, they demonstrate a predilection for animal protein. Crayfish rank among the chief carnivores found in lakes and streams. To completely understand their role, crayfish should be viewed from two perspectives: that of an individual attempting to complete its life cycle, and the collective functioning of a population in the ecosystem, which can produce a serious ecological impact. While ...