TL;DR: Molecular data support the recognition of three monophyletic families, Capparaceae s.
Abstract: Molecular data support the recognition of three monophyletic families, Capparaceae s. str., Cleomaceae, and Brassicaceae, instead of an all-encompassing Brassicaceae or a paraphyletic Capparaceae s.l. This view is reinforced with many figures showing two basic and ubiquitous differences in cleomoid seed structure. First, the more or less strongly incurved seed, varying from reniform to horseshoe-shaped, coiled or conduplicate, uniformly and in all species, results in a deep invagination of the testa (the cleft) projecting into the interval between the two ends, or claws, of the embryo (this invagination is absent or rarely reduced and atavistic in Brassicaceae, and infrequent in Capparaceae s. str., i.e., in some Capparis L. species and Crateva L., sister genus to all remaining Capparaceae s. str.). Second, the uniformly semicylindric, strictly incumbent cotyledons are small and narrow, but are never foliaceous and interfolded, circinate or convoluted, or massive and thick, as in the often accumb...
TL;DR: The present study substantially indicated and proven that anti-inflammatory potential of phytocompounds from C. adansonii leaf extracts can be exploited for commercial designing of novel anti- inflammatory drug to treat various inflammatory disorders.
TL;DR: It is suggested that daucosterol is the major active principle responsible at least in part for the anticancer effect of the extract of Crateva adansonii.
TL;DR: In vitro and in silico modeling confirms the anti-inflammatory efficiency of lupeol and also unveils the hidden molecular mechanisms of folkoric use of Crateva adansonii plant in inflammatory disease conditions.
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to reveal the possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Crateva adansonii leaf extract to claim folkoric use of the plant in inflammation disease conditions. Isolation of chloroform leaf extract fraction (CEF) containing anti-inflammatory marker compound of the plant lupeol is done through column chromatography procedure, which is further confirmed by HPLC analysis with standard lupeol compound. The isolated marker compound lupeol from CEF shows significant in vitro anti-inflammatory effect compared to methanolic and chloroform leaf extracts (ME & CE) of the plant Crateva adansonii and reference standard indomethacin. Further in silico screening of lupeol and indomethacin against five crucial inflammatory molecular targets such as COX-2 (PDB ID: 4COX), MPO (PDB ID: 3ZS0), IL1β (PDBID: 1T4Q), IL6 (PDBID: 19PM) and TNFα (PDBID: 2AZ5) was done using autodock tool. Maximal binding affinity (− 11.6, − 9.0, − 9.9, − 7.5, − 9.0 kcal/mol) was exhibited by lupeol against all five targets of inflammation COX-2, MPO, TNFα, IL1β & IL6 respectively. In vitro and in silico modeling confirms the anti-inflammatory efficiency of lupeol and also unveils the hidden molecular mechanisms of folkoric use of Crateva adansonii plant in inflammatory disease conditions.