Topic
Crash test
About: Crash test is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2222 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15505 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
Book•
1 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present guidelines for conducting vehicle crash tests and in-service evaluation of roadside appurtenances, such as bridge rails, guardrails, median barriers, transitions, and terminals, crash cushions, breakaway or yielding supports for signs and luminaires.
Abstract: Procedures are presented for conducting vehicle crash tests and in-service evaluation of roadside appurtenances. Appurtenances covered by these procedures are (1) longitudinal barriers such as bridge rails, guardrails, median barriers, transitions, and terminals; (2) crash cushions; and (3) breakaway or yielding supports for signs and luminaires. The purpose of the procedures is to promote the uniform testing and in-service evaluation of roadside appurtenances so that highway engineers may confidently compare safety performance of two or more designs that are tested and evaluated by different agencies. These procedures are guidelines that describe how an appurtenance should be tested and evaluated; the selection of specific new, existing, or modified appurtenances for testing and evaluation, the establishment of acceptable performance criteria are policy decisions that are beyond the purview of this document. These procedures are devised to subject highway appurtenances to severe vehicle impact conditions rather than to "typical" or the more predominant highway situations. For vehicle crash testing, specific impact conditions are presented for vehicle mass, speed, approach angle, and point on appurtenance to be hit. Vehicle types considered are mini-compact, subcompact, and standard size passenger sedans, intercity and utility type buses, and tractor-trailer cargo trucks. Impact speeds range from 20 to 60 mph (32 to 97 kph), and approach angles vary from 0 to 25 deg. Three appraisal factors are presented for evaluating the crash test performance: structural adequacy, occupant risk, and vehicle after-collision trajectory. Depending on the appurtenance's function, it should contain, redirect, or permit controlled penetration of the impacting vehicle in a predictable manner to satisfy structural adequacy requirements.
265 citations
1 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Side impacts were studied using three separate analyses and showed an unusually high involvement of older occupants in multivehicle side impacts, which bears on the agency's preliminary regulatory impact analysis.
Abstract: A study was conducted by selecting cases from available NCSS/NASS data on nearside crashes involving fatal chest and abdominal injury. Twenty-five cases indicated over- involvement of older front-seat occupants in multi-vehicle side impact crashes (76%>50 years old and occupants are over-represented in nearside crashes with an incidence of respectively for single vehicle frontal crashes). The 1982-1986 NASS indicate that 42% of the seriously injured front seat occupants over 40 years old were in nearside multi-vehicle crashes. This is nearly twice the proportion for younger occupants. The individual case study also showed that 88% of the multi-vehicle nearside crashes were at intersections and that the driver of the struck vehicle frequently caused the crash by driving error (52%) or traffic violation (17%). The majority of the cases occurred in daylight hours and on dry roads. Alcohol use was not a factor. Changes in visual perception, judgment and attention in the older driver may be factors in crash causation. In addition, a reduced tolerance to impact force probably contributes to injury causation. In terms of automotive design, improvements in side interior padding should aim at safety of older occupants because of their high involvement in this crash type. The analysis raises further questions about the validity of the NHTSA proposed test dummy and injury criterion (SID and TTI) because the dummy develops high, nonhuman-like forces and the injury criterion is sensitive to both protective and unprotective padding. The combination would lead to stiff interiors that particularly place older occupants at continued risk in a nearside crash. Although an analysis of photographs from the side-imapct vehicles indicated that 44% of the crashes had side-structure deformation that was similar to that produced in the NHTSA moving deformable barrier test, only 24%-32% of the cases actually addressed the proposed dynamic test. The results of this analysis bear on the preliminary regulatory impact analysis of cost benefit in conducting the side-impact dynamic test. In addition, the review supports the concept that improvements in side-impact protection may be better realized by a slower crash test so that softer padding can be designed to reduce the injury risks of older occupants. The development of improved side interior padding further hinges on the use of a human-like crash dummy and a valid injury criterion, such as the viscous response, that is sensitive to the underlying risks of internal organ and soft tissue injury of occupants.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the crashworthiness characteristics and axial collapse with damage propagation behavior of an aluminum/CFRP hybrid square hollow section beam under dynamic axial crushing load for crash box application.
137 citations
TL;DR: A very good agreement of simulation and real crash tests results was observed, which justifies the use of computer simulations in the process of development and certification of road safety barriers.
135 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 10 |
| 2024 | 31 |
| 2023 | 24 |
| 2022 | 54 |
| 2021 | 31 |
| 2020 | 42 |