Corypha

Abstract: Eagleton G.E. 2016. Review: Persistent Pioneers; Borassus L. and Corypha L. in Malesia. Biodiversitas 17: 716-732. This review traces advances in taxonomic and ethnobotanic understanding of the genera Corypha L. and Borassus L. gained from research since the time of publication of “Harvest of the Palm; Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia’’ by James J. Fox in 1977. It posits testable hypotheses arising from the literature: firstly, that both genera were present in the furthest parts of island Southeast Asia prior to a definitive Indianized cultural expansion in the first millennium CE.; secondly, that two of their species I¶ “lontar” Borassus flabellifer L. and “gewang” Corypha utan Lam. I¶ were significant components of pre-agricultural economies of the archipelago, but that their full economic exploitation benefited from later cultural stimuli from the Indian subcontinent. To test these hypotheses, lines of research with potential benefits for local economies in semi-arid Indonesia are proposed.

Abstract: S pecies of palms widely used as building materials, household, handy crafts, food resources, oil sources, energy sources, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and environmental services plant. Species of palm that native and unique is Corypha . Palm (Arecaceae) in Indonesia has a high biodiversity so that conservation efforts are need ed . Purwodadi Botanic Garden as ex-situ conservation organizations has a palm collection of 358 specimens from 93 species, including Corypha . As many palm species , Corypha also has use full , so it can be use and take by the community. According that Corypha have slow growth and regeneration only depends from seed, with the kind of seed plants only once flowering-fruiting after then die (hepaxantic). So this research needs to be done. This study aims to determine the distribution of Corypha based on specimens in the Herbarium Bogoriensis (BO) and the conservation area s , for example, selected Baluran Natinal Park and Sempu Conservation Area ( as representative of in-situ conservation) and the Purwodadi Botanic Garden ( as representative of ex-situ conservation). Descriptive study was conducted based on literature references, stud y specimens in the herbarium and direct observations in the field. The result in H erbarium Bogoriensis r ecorded 85 specimens Corypha with C. utan most collected (57) and the dominant in Java. In Baluran National Park listed 187 tag point distribution of C. utans on 4 track ( Batangan -Bekol, Bekol- B ama, Sumber Manting and Curah Udang ). In Sempu Conservation Area recorded 32 tag point distribution of C. utan on track from Waru- waru to Telaga Lele . Meanwhile, the Purwodadi Botanic Garden has 2 plants (living collection) C. umbraculifera and C. utan that have 55 years old and only 1 specimen (herbarium collections) from C. umbraculifera . So that it is necessary to do conservation efforts, especially C. utan on insitu or exsitu conservation , or both of them . Keywords: Baluran National Park, Corypha , distribution, Herbarium Bogoriensis, Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Sempu Conservation Area

Abstract: The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) is one of the most damaging pests of coconut and African oil palm in south and south-east Asia and the Western Pacific islands. Adults of O. rhinoceros are 30-50 mm long and 14-21mm breadth, black or reddish black in colour, stout and possesses a characteristic cephalic horn which is larger in males. The pygedium is densely clothed with reddish brown hairs on the ventral surface in the female (Nirula et al., 1952), a feature which helps in distinguishing it from the male. The adults are the destructive stage, they bore into the crown of the palm resulting in wedge shaped or “V” cuts in the fronds that unfurl. The beetle feeds on tissue juices. Some of the crushed fibre is pushed outside the entrance hole, where it indicates the insect’s presence. Orian (1959) reported one third of seedling palms destruction by rhinoceros beetle in Chagos Islands. Ramachandran et al. (1963) has reported a loss in yield of 5.5 to 9.1 per cent in coconut due to beetle attack. In India, damage of inflorescence is also reported in severely infested areas which cause reduction in yield up to 5.7% (Nair et al., 2002). Attack by adults reduce yield and destroy seedlings. They provide entry points for lethal secondary attacks by the palm weevil, Rhyncophorus or by other pathogens (Bedford, 1980). Apart from coconut and African oil palm, other host plants of O. rhinoceros include the date palm, arecanut palm (Nair, 2002 ) and a variety of palms grown for ornamental purpose, including Roystonea regia, Livistona chinensis, Corypha umbraculifera and Raphia ruffia (Gressitt, 1953; Bedford, 1980) Arenga, Borassus, Corypha, Elaeis, Metroxylon, Nypa, Oncosperma and Phoenix (Lever, 1969). Fletcher (1914) listed out aloes and sugarcane apart from palms as host and Sadakathulla and Ramachandran (1990) recorded sugarcane as host of the pest. The damage caused by this pest on non palm hosts was not causing serious concern so far.

Abstract: With the exorbitant prices of commercially available medicines nowadays, theiraccessibility to the people of the Philippines, especially the poor ones, is next toimpossible. The country’s government, therefore, emphasizes the need to look forsources of alternative herbal medicines. This study, therefore, explored the possibilityof the Buri (Corypha elata Roxb.) leaf extract as an alternative source of herbalmedicine. Extraction through infusion of the pulverized leaves was used for thephytochemistry and antimicrobial activity determination. Results of the analyses ofthe leaf extract showed the presence of sterols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins,and complete antimicrobial activity, 10mm total mean zone of inhibition with areactivity of 2 to Staphyloccocu aureus, Psedomonas aeruginousa, and Escherichiacoli. Based on the results, the researchers concluded that the buri leaf extract has a promising contribution to the field of herbal medicine and can be used as analternative herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases caused by aforementionedmicroorganisms. The researchers recommended isolation and characterization of theactive compounds, the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC),and pharmacological studies on the leaf and the trunk extracts to draw out the plant’sfull medicinal potentials. Keywords: Corypha elata Roxb., buri, infusion, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity,alternative herbal medicine, Ilocos Sur, Philippines