TL;DR: This monograph provides a revised classification of Polyporaceae in China according to the modern taxonomy and describes twelve new species, two new genera and six new combinations, which are proposed based on the Chinese collections.
Abstract: Polyporaceae is one of the most important families of Basidiomycota. Investigations on the species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae in China are carried out. So far 217 species belonging to 42 genera are reported from China. Two new genera: Amylosporia gen. nov. and Murinicarpus gen. nov., twelve new species: Coriolopsis dendriformis sp. nov., C. hainanensis sp. nov., Funalia cystidiata sp. nov., Haploporus microsporus sp. nov., Perenniporia citrinoalba sp. nov., P. yinggelingensis sp. nov., Picipes hainanensis sp. nov., P. jiajinensis sp. nov., P. pseudovarius sp. nov., Trametes duplexa sp. nov., T. ellipsoidea sp. nov. and T. stiptica sp. nov., and six new combinations, Amylosporia hattorii comb. nov., Hornodermoporus latissimus comb. nov., Murinicarpus subadustus comb. nov., Picipes pumilus comb. nov., Vanderbylia delavayi comb. nov. and Vanderbylia robiniophila comb. nov., are proposed. All the species are described based on the Chinese collections. Keys to genera of Polyporaceae occurring in China and keys to species of each genus are provided. This monograph provides a revised classification of Polyporaceae in China according to the modern taxonomy. The phylogeny of Polyporaceae from China are reconstructed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the β-tubulin gene (TBB1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. In addition, full morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs, taxonomic notes, ecology and all the available sequences of Polyporaceae species found from China are provided.
TL;DR: The activity of intracellular glucose-2-oxidase was tested in 40 species of 26 basidiomycete genera and the highest enzyme activity was detected in Oudemansiella mucida, Coriolopsis occidentalis, Fomes fomentarius, Trametes versicolor and a not-yet-classified species of the genusTrametes.
Abstract: The activity of intracellular glucose-2-oxidase was tested in 40 species of 26 basidiomycete genera. The enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of D-glucose to the dicarbonyl sugarD-arabino-2-hexosulose was demonstrated in mycelial extracts of 9 species ofAphyllophorales and 6 species ofAgaricales cultivated in liquid media. In the majority of species exhibiting this activity hexosulose was detected in the cultivation medium. The highest enzyme activity was detected inOudemansiella mucida, Coriolopsis occidentalis, Fomes fomentarius, Trametes versicolor and a not-yet-classified species of the genusTrametes.
TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of Trametes and related taxa is proposed, based on a wide sampling of temperate and tropical species, with the introduction of a new genus: Leiotrametes Welti & Courtec.
Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of Trametes and related taxa is proposed, based on a wide sampling of temperate and tropical species. Concatenate sequences of ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and RPB2 gene from mycelia cultures were analyzed by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, whilst morphological features were documented from the corresponding herbarium vouchers. Congruent results were obtained from analyses of ribosomal LSU sequences downloaded from Genbank. The Bayesian analysis of ITS + RPB2 sequences gave the best resolution for the phylogenetic reconstructions and revealed the existence of three main lineages in the Trametes-clade: 1) a monospecific lineage represented by Artolenzites elegans 2) a lineage including the genus Pycnoporus in its traditional sense and several species usually classified in the genus Trametes (T. cingulata, T. lactinea, T. ljubarskyi, T. menziesii) & 3) a lineage corresponding to the core genus Trametes, including type species of Trametes, Coriolopsis and Lenzites. The presence of a pseudostipe, aspect and structure of the abhymenial surface, colour change with 5% aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide and topography of pigments on skeletal hyphae gave relevant morphological support to these clades. When the structure of the hymenial surface, presence of a black line below the tomentum and color of context (except for genus Pycnoporus) usually used in traditional polypore-classifications did not reveal any phylogenetic significance. A partial systematic arrangement of the Trametes clade is proposed, with the introduction of a new genus: Leiotrametes Welti & Courtec. gen. nov.. Two new combinations: Leiotrametes lactinea (Berk.) Welti & Courtec. comb. nov. and L. menziesii (Berk.) Welti & Courtec. comb. nov. are proposed.
TL;DR: The results prove that the three-phase separation from the crude enzyme solution Coriolopsis trogii solid obtained after fermentation relatively pure laccase, eliminating the need for complex chromatography step, is simple and low cost.
Abstract: In order to explore separation and purification methods of Coriolopsis trogii laccase production by solid fermentation, we used a three-phase separation technique and wherein the main factors (ammonium sulfate concentration, t butanol concentration, temperature and pH) were optimized. The results showed that when the three-phase partitioning optimum conditions were as follows: Ammonium sulfate concentration was 40%, tertbutanol water phase volume ratio of 1:1, the temperature is 20°C, pH 5, laccase purification factor and recovery can be up to 20 times and 75%, respectively, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the purified protein is substantially a single band and a molecular weight of about 38 kD, smaller than the known fungal laccase molecular weight; the results prove that the three-phase separation from the crude enzyme solution Coriolopsis trogii solid obtained after fermentation relatively pure laccase, eliminating the need for complex chromatography step, the method is simple and low cost, for a lot of separation and purification of laccase provide practical foundation.
TL;DR: The effect of herbicide atrazine was studied on the growth and development of a number of soil and wood decay fungi: white-rot basidiomycetes (Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus, and mesophilic phenol oxidase-producing micromycete Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26.
Abstract: The effect of herbicide atrazine was studied on the growth and development of a number of soil and wood decay fungi: white-rot basidiomycetes (Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus), thermophilic micromycetes from self-heating grass composts (cellulolytic fungus Penicillium sp. 13 and noncellulolytic ones Humicola lanuginosa spp. 5 and 12), and mesophilic phenol oxidase-producing micromycete Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26. Detection of atrazine in liquid fungal cultures was performed by using enzyme immunoassay technique. Both stimulation (Humicola lanuginosa 5) and suppression (Humicola lanuginosa 12 and Penicillium sp. 13) of fungal growth with atrazine were observed on solid agar media. Hyphomycete Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 was almost insensitive to the presence of atrazine. Neither of thermophilic strains was capable of atrazine consumption in three-week cultivation. In contrast with that, active laccase producers Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus consumed up to 50% atrazine in 5-day cultivation in the presence of the xenobiotic and at least 80-90% in 40 days. Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26, which also forms extracellular laccase, also consumed up to 70% atrazine in 17 days. The degree of atrazine consumption depended on the term of its addition to the fungal culture medium.