TL;DR: A new quantitative bottom sampler is described, basically a corer with top valve and core catcher, supported by a frame, and can be used for in situ studies of bottom invertebrates.
Abstract: A new quantitative bottom sampler is described. It is basically a corer with top valve and core catcher, supported by a frame, and can be used for in situ studies of bottom invertebrates. It functions very well in mixed and soft sediments and fairly well in sand; it can be operated from a motor boat provided with a power winch. The area sampled is about 150 cm2, the sampling depth about 25 cm in mixed and soft sediment and about 10 cm in hard sand.
TL;DR: The European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) has adopted and improved the defense-in-depth approaches of its predecessors, the French “N4” and the German “Konvoi” plants Beyond the corresponding evolutionary changes, the EPR includes a new, 4th level of defense in depth that is aimed at limiting the consequences of a postulated severe accident with core melting as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, a cost-effective and labour efficient (two persons) coring system has been achieved by developing rigid core tube couplers, a hand-powered drum cable hoist and a set of operation procedures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the core catcher has a multilayer sandwich construction comprising a middle layer of interlocking tongue-and-groove jointed refractory tiles or bricks sandwiched between inner and outer steel plates in the form of domes.
Abstract: A core catcher (25) for containing nuclear core debris in the event of a breach in the reactor pressure vessel (10) caused by a core meltdown. The core catcher has a multilayer sandwich construction comprising a middle layer of interlocking tongue-and-groove jointed refractory (e.g. zirconia) tiles or bricks (40) sandwiched between inner and outer steel plates in the form of domes (30 and 32). The refractory bricks (40) are fixed against movement relative to each other and the inner and outer steel plates (30 and 32) by means of refractory cement. The inner steel plate (32) is sacrificial in the event that it comes into contact with molten nuclear material but gives the sandwich construction greater shock resistance during normal operational service. The outer steel plate provides the main structural support for the core catcher.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that silica-rich concrete experience an anisotropic ablation pattern, which is quite reproducible and can be recalculated provided an empirical anisotropy factor is assumed.