TL;DR: A review of characteristics of copper slag as well as various processes such as pyro, hydro and combination of pyro-hydrometallurgical methods for metal recovery and preparation of value added products from copper slags is given in this paper.
Abstract: Copper slag, which is produced during pyrometallurgical production of copper from copper ores contains materials like iron, alumina, calcium oxide, silica etc. For every tonne of metal production about 2.2 ton of slag is generated. Dumping or disposal of such huge quantities of slag cause environmental and space problems. During the past two decades attempts have been made by several investigators and copper producing units all over the world to explore the possible utilisation of copper slag. The favourable physico-mechanical characteristics of copper slag can be utilised to make the products like cement, fill, ballast, abrasive, aggregate, roofing granules, glass, tiles etc. apart from recovering the valuable metals by various extractive metallurgical routes. This paper gives a review of characteristics of copper slag as well as various processes such as pyro, hydro and combination of pyro-hydrometallurgical methods for metal recovery and preparation of value added products from copper slag.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the characteristics of copper slag and its effects on the engineering properties of cement, mortars and concrete and investigated the use of slag in the production of concrete as raw materials for clinker, cement replacement, coarse and fine aggregates.
Abstract: Copper slag is a by-product obtained during matte smelting and refining of copper. The common management options for copper slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, cutting tools, abrasive, tiles, glass, road-base construction, railroad ballast, asphalt pavements. Despite increasing rate of reusing copper slag, the huge amount of its annual production is disposed in dumps or stockpiles to date. One of the greatest potential applications for reusing copper slag is in cement and concrete production. Many researchers have investigated the use of copper slag in the production of cement, mortar and concrete as raw materials for clinker, cement replacement, coarse and fine aggregates. The use of copper slag in cement and concrete provides potential environmental as well as economic benefits for all related industries, particularly in areas where a considerable amount of copper slag is produced. This paper reviews the characteristics of copper slag and its effects on the engineering properties of cement, mortars and concrete.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of sand on the properties of high performance concrete (HPC) was investigated, and the results indicated that there is a slight increase in the HPC density of nearly 5% with the increase of copper slags content.
Abstract: This paper reports on an experimental program to investigate the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of sand on the properties of high performance concrete (HPC). Eight concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0% (for the control mix) to 100%. Concrete mixes were evaluated for workability, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and durability. The results indicate that there is a slight increase in the HPC density of nearly 5% with the increase of copper slag content, whereas the workability increased rapidly with increases in copper slag percentage. Addition of up to 50% of copper slag as sand replacement yielded comparable strength with that of the control mix. However, further additions of copper slag caused reduction in the strength due to an increase of the free water content in the mix. Mixes with 80% and 100% copper slag replacement gave the lowest compressive strength value of approximately 80 MPa, which is almost 16% lower than the strength of the control mix. The results also demonstrated that the surface water absorption decreased as copper slag quantity increases up to 40% replacement; beyond that level of replacement, the absorption rate increases rapidly. Therefore, it is recommended that 40 wt% of copper slag can used as replacement of sand in order to obtain HPC with good strength and durability properties.
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete, which revealed that all mixtures with different slag proportions yielded comparable or higher compressive strength than that of the control mixture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the compressive strength of High Performance Concrete containing nano silica and copper slag as partial cement and fine aggregate replacement respectively was determined using MRA and ANN models.