Topic
Convulsion
About: Convulsion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4034 publications have been published within this topic receiving 131920 citations. The topic is also known as: seizure & fits.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: A distinctive seizure semiology is described that closely associates with voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC)‐complex/Lgi1 antibodies and commonly precedes the onset of limbic encephalitis (LE).
Abstract: Objective: To describe a distinctive seizure semiology that closely associates with voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex/Lgi1 antibodies and commonly precedes the onset of limbic encephalitis (LE). Methods: Twenty-nine patients were identified by the authors (n ¼ 15) or referring clinicians (n ¼ 14). The temporal progression of clinical features and serum sodium, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography, and VGKC-complex antibodies was studied. Results: Videos and still images showed a distinctive adult-onset, frequent, brief dystonic seizure semiology that predominantly affected the arm and ipsilateral face. We have termed these faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). All patients tested during their illness had antibodies to VGKC complexes; the specific antigenic target was Lgi1 in 89%. Whereas 3 patients never developed LE, 20 of the remaining 26 (77%) experienced FBDS prior to the development of the amnesia and confusion that characterize LE. During the prodrome of FBDS alone, patients had normal sodium and brain MRIs, but electroencephalography demonstrated ictal epileptiform activity in 7 patients (24%). Following development of LE, the patients often developed other seizure semiologies, including typical mesial temporal lobe seizures. At this stage, investigations commonly showed hyponatremia and MRI hippocampal high T2 signal; functional brain imaging showed evidence of basal ganglia involvement in 5/8. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were generally ineffective and in 41% were associated with cutaneous reactions that were often severe. By contrast, immunotherapies produced a clear, and often dramatic, reduction in FBDS frequency. Interpretation: Recognition of FBDS should prompt testing for VGKC-complex/Lgi1 antibodies. AEDs often produce adverse effects; treatment with immunotherapies may prevent the development of LE with its potential for cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2010;000:000–000
892 citations
TL;DR: Seizures occur more commonly with hemorrhagic stroke than with ischemic stroke; patients with a disabling cortical infarct or a cortical hemorrhage are more likely to have seizures after stroke; those with late-onset seizures are at greater risk of epilepsy.
Abstract: Background Studies of seizures after stroke have largely been retrospective, with small patient numbers and limited statistical analysis. Much of the doctrine about seizures after stroke is not evidenced based. Objective To determine the incidence, outcome, and risk factors for seizures after stroke. Design International, multicenter, prospective, analytic inception cohort study conducted for 34 months. Patients and Setting There were 2021 consecutive patients with acute stroke admitted to university teaching hospitals with established stroke units. After exclusion of 124 patients with previous epilepsy or without computed tomographic diagnosis, 1897 were available for analysis. Mean follow-up was 9 months. Main Outcome Measures Occurrence of 1 or more seizures after stroke, stroke disability, and death after stroke. Results Seizures occurred in 168 (8.9%) of 1897 patients with stroke (28 [10.6%] of 265 with hemorrhagic and 140 [8.6%] of 1632 with ischemic stroke). On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, patients with hemorrhagic stroke were at significantly greater risk of seizures ( P = .002), with an almost 2-fold increase in risk of seizure after stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-2.73; P = .002). On multivariate analysis, risk factors for seizures after ischemic stroke were cortical location of infarction (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.19-3.68; P P P P Conclusions Seizures occur more commonly with hemorrhagic stroke than with ischemic stroke. Only a small minority later develop epilepsy. Patients with a disabling cortical infarct or a cortical hemorrhage are more likely to have seizures after stroke; those with late-onset seizures are at greater risk of epilepsy.
877 citations
TL;DR: This note does not debate this temporary elevation of convulsion threshold but rather emphasizes an equally important phenomenon in which, over a longer period of time, the convulsive threshold is reduced.
Abstract: A RECENT communication by Herberg and Watkins1 reported that animals are more resistant to convulsions shortly after having had a convulsion than at other times. This note does not debate this temporary elevation of convulsive threshold but rather emphasizes an equally important phenomenon in which, over a longer period of time, the convulsive threshold is reduced.
875 citations
TL;DR: Animal models for the search of new antiepileptic drugs: models of seizure states vs. models of epilepsy, models with electrical or chemical seizure induction, and topical convulsant metals models are presented.
867 citations
TL;DR: A genetic epilepsy syndrome termed generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is identified, which explains the epilepsy phenotypes of previously poorly understood benign childhood generalized epilepsies.
Abstract: The clinical and genetic relationships of febrile seizures and the generalized epilepsies are poorly understood. We ascertained a family with genealogical information in 2000 individuals where there was an unusual concentration of individuals with febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy in one part of the pedigree. We first clarified complex consanguineous relationships in earlier generations and then systematically studied the epilepsy phenotypes in affected individuals. In one branch (core family) 25 individuals over four generations were affected. The commonest phenotype, denoted as 'febrile seizures plus' (FS+), comprised childhood onset (median 1 year) of multiple febrile seizures, but unlike the typical febrile convulsion syndrome, attacks with fever continued beyond 6 years, or afebrile seizures occurred. Seizures usually ceased by mid childhood (median 11 years). Other phenotypes included FS+ and absences, FS+ and myoclonic seizures, FS+ and atonic seizures, and the most severely affected individual had myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (MAE). The pattern of inheritance was autosomal dominant. The large variation in generalized epilepsy phenotypes was not explained by acquired factors. Analysis of this large family and critical review of the literature led to the concept of a genetic epilepsy syndrome termed generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). GEFS+ has a spectrum of phenotypes including febrile seizures, FS+ and the less common MAE. Recognition of GEFS+ explains the epilepsy phenotypes of previously poorly understood benign childhood generalized epilepsies. In individual patients the inherited nature of GEFS+ may be overlooked. Molecular genetic study of such large families should allow identification of genes relevant to febrile seizures and generalized epilepsies.
775 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 1 |
| 2025 | 18 |
| 2024 | 44 |
| 2023 | 63 |
| 2022 | 101 |
| 2021 | 45 |