Topic
Conviction
About: Conviction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4652 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67954 citations. The topic is also known as: guilty verdict & verdict of guilty.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 3
Papers
TL;DR: The findings support published assertions of high rates of rape and other forms of sexual aggression among large normal populations and are limited in generalizability to postsecondary students.
Abstract: Because of inadequacies in the methods used to measure sexual assault, national crime statistics, criminal victimization studies, convictions, or incarceration rates fail to reflect the true scope of rape Studies that have avoided the limitations of these methods have revealed very high rates of overt rape and lesser degrees of sexual aggression The goal of the present study was to extend previous work to a national basis The Sexual Experiences Survey was administered to a national sample of 6,159 women and men enrolled in 32 institutions representative of the diversity of higher education settings across the United States Women's reports of experiencing and men's reports of perpetrating rape, attempted rape, sexual coercion, and sexual contact were obtained, including both the rates of prevalence since age 14 and of incidence during the previous year The findings support published assertions of high rates of rape and other forms of sexual aggression among large normal populations Although the results are limited in generalizabil ity to postsecondary students, this group represents 26% of all persons aged 18-24 in the United States The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines rape as "carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her consent" and reports that 87,340 such offenses occurred in 1985 (FBI, 1986) However, these figures greatly underestimate the true scope of rape because they are based only on instances reported to police Government estimates suggest that for every rape reported, 3-10 rapes are committed but not reported (Law Enforcement Assistance Administration [LEAA], 1975) Likewise, it is difficult to obtain realistic estimates of the number of men who perpetrate rape because only a fraction of reported rapes eventually result in conviction (Clark & Lewis, 1977) Victimization studies, such as the annual National Crime Survey (NCS), are the major avenue through which the full extent of the crime is estimated (eg, Bureau of Justice Statistics [BJS], 1984) In these studies, the residents of a standard sampling area are asked to indicate those crimes of which they or anyone else in their household have been victims during the previous 6 months These rates are then compared with official crime statistics for the area and the rate of unreported crime is esti
2,652 citations
Book•
1 Jun 1989
TL;DR: The essays in this paper share the conviction that modern western paradigms of knowledge and reality are gender-biased, and they challenge and revise western conceptions of the body as the domain of the biological and 'natural,'the enemy of reason, typically associated with women.
Abstract: The essays in this interdisciplinary collection share the conviction that modern western paradigms of knowledge and reality are gender-biased. Some contributors challenge and revise western conceptions of the body as the domain of the biological and 'natural, ' the enemy of reason, typically associated with women.
782 citations
TL;DR: Results supported the moral mandate hypothesis: Stronger moral conviction led to greater preferred social and physical distance from attitudinally dissimilar others, and a greater inability to generate procedural solutions to resolve disagreements.
Abstract: Attitudes held with strong moral conviction (moral mandates) were predicted to have different interpersonal consequences than strong but nonmoral attitudes. After controlling for indices of attitude strength, the authors explored the unique effect of moral conviction on the degree that people preferred greater social (Studies 1 and 2) and physical (Study 3) distance from attitudinally dissimilar others and the effects of moral conviction on group interaction and decision making in attitudinally homogeneous versus heterogeneous groups (Study 4). Results supported the moral mandate hypothesis: Stronger moral conviction led to (a) greater preferred social and physical distance from attitudinally dissimilar others, (b) intolerance of attitudinally dissimilar others in both intimate (e.g., friend) and distant relationships (e.g., owner of a store one frequents), (c) lower levels of good will and cooperativeness in attitudinally heterogeneous groups, and (d) a greater inability to generate procedural solutions to resolve disagreements.
763 citations
Book•
1 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, Noguera argues that we have the resources, the models, and the know-how to improve public education today. What we are missing, he argues, are the will and the conviction to make it happen.
Abstract: Public schools are the last best hope for many families living in cities across the nation. In his bestseller, Pedro Noguera shows that we have the resources, the models, and the know-how to improve public education today. What we're missing, he argues, are the will and the conviction to make it happen. City Schools and the American Dream gives politicians, policymakers, and the public its own standard to achieve--provide the basic economic and social support so that teachers and students can get the job done!
680 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model that integrates extralegal consequences from conviction and impulsivity into the traditional deterrence framework was proposed, which was tested with 252 college students who completed a survey concerning drinking and driving.
Abstract: We propose a model that integrates the extralegal consequences from conviction and impulsivity into the traditional deterrence framework. The model was tested with 252 college students, who completed a survey concerning drinking and driving. Key findings include the following: (1) Although variation in sanction certainty and severity predicted offending, variation in celerity did not; (2) the extralegal consequences from conviction appear to be at least as great a deterrent as the legal consequences; (3) the influence of sanction severity diminished with an individual's “present-orientation”; and (4) the certainty of punishment was far more robust a deterrent to offending than was the severity of punishment.
668 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 5 |
| 2025 | 184 |
| 2024 | 288 |
| 2023 | 701 |
| 2022 | 928 |
| 2021 | 172 |