Conservative vector field

Abstract: Steady-State Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations: Statement of the Problem and Open Questions.- Basic Function Spaces and Related Inequalities.- The Function Spaces of Hydrodynamics.- Steady Stokes Flow in Bounded Domains.- Steady Stokes Flow in Exterior Domains.- Steady Stokes Flow in Domains with Unbounded Boundaries.- Steady Oseen Flow in Exterior Domains.- Steady Generalized Oseen Flow in Exterior Domains.- Steady Navier-Stokes Flow in Bounded Domains.- Steady Navier-Stokes Flow in Three-Dimensional Exterior Domains. Irrotational Case.- Steady Navier-Stokes Flow in Three-Dimensional Exterior Domains. Rotational Case.- Steady Navier-Stokes Flow in Two-Dimensional Exterior Domains.- Steady Navier-Stokes Flow in Domains with Unbounded Boundaries.- Bibliography.- Index.

Abstract: It was shown by Stokes that in a water wave the particles of fluid possess, apart from their orbital motion, a steady second-order drift velocity (usually called the mass-transport velocity). Recent experiments, however, have indicated that the mass-transport velocity can be very different from that predicted by Stokes on the assumption of a perfect, non-viscous fluid. In this paper a general theory of mass transport is developed, which takes account of the viscosity, and leads to results in agreement with observation. Part I deals especially with the interior of the fluid. It is shown that the nature of the motion in the interior depends upon the ratio of the wave amplitude a to the thickness $\delta $ of the boundary layer: when a$^{2}$/$\delta ^{2}$ is small the diffusion of vorticity takes place by viscous 'conduction'; when a$^{2}$/$\delta ^{2}$ is large, by convection with the mass-transport velocity. Appropriate field equations for the stream function of the mass transport are derived. The boundary layers, however, require separate consideration. In part II special attention is given to the boundary layers, and a general theory is developed for two types of oscillating boundary: when the velocities are prescribed at the boundary, and when the stresses are prescribed. Whenever the motion is simple-harmonic the equations of motion can be integrated exactly. A general method is described for determining the mass transport throughout the fluid in the presence of an oscillating body, or with an oscillating stress at the boundary. In part III, the general method of solution described in parts I and II is applied to the cases of a progressive and a standing wave in water of uniform depth. The solutions are markedly different from the perfect-fluid solutions with irrotational motion. The chief characteristic of the progressive-wave solution is a strong forward velocity near the bottom. The predicted maximum velocity near the bottom agrees well with that observed by Bagnold.

Abstract: Several reduced order formulations are reviewed in the case of linear vibration analysis of bounded fluid-structure systems for low modal density situations Compressibility effects in the fluid for interior structural-acoustic problems, and free-surface gravity effects, as well as for hydroelastic-sloshing interaction problems in the case of incompressible liquids, are examined Reduced order models leading to symmetric matrix systems are then described using static well-posed behavior of the irrotational fluid In this respect, the fluid-structure boundary value local equations, expressed in terms of fluid scalar field variables for the fluid (and displacement variables for the structure), are regularized for zero-frequency limit

Abstract: Preface Conventions and notation 1. The physical properties of fluids 2. Kinematics of the flow field 3. Equations governing the motion of a fluid 4. Flow of a uniform incompressible viscous fluid 5. Flow at large Reynolds number: effects of viscosity 6. Irrotational flow theory and its applications 7. Flow of effectively inviscid liquid with vorticity Appendices.