Conservation development

Abstract: Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part 1: PLANS AND PLAN MAKING. PLAN MAKING. Plan Making. TYPES OF PLANS. Comprehensive Plans. Urban Design Plans. Regional Plans. Neighborhood Plans. Transportation Plans. Housing Plans. Economic Development Plans. Parks and Open-Space Plans. Critical and Sensitive Areas Plans. PARTICIPATION. Role of Participation. Stakeholder Identification. Surveys. Community Visioning. Charrettes. Public Meetings. Public Hearings. Computer-Based Public Participation. Part 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW. Environmental Planning Considerations. AIR. Air Quality. Air Sheds. Heat Islands. WATER. Hydrologic Cycle. Watersheds. Aquifers. Rivers and Streams. Floodplains and Riparian Corridors. Wetlands. Beach and Dune Systems. Estuaries, Flats, and Marshes. LAND. Slope, Relief, and Aspect. Soils Classification and Mechanics. Habitat Patches, Corridors, and Matrix. Biodiversity Protection. HAZARDS. Flood Hazards. Erosion and Sedimentation. Hurricanes and Coastal Storms. Landslides. Sinkholes and Subsidence. Earthquakes. Wildfires. Hazardous Materials. Tsunamis and Seiches. Noise and Vibration. Part 3: STRUCTURES. BUILDING TYPES. Residential Types. Single-Family Detached. Single-Family Attached. Multifamily Low-Rise. Multifamily Mid-Rise. Multifamily High-Rise. Manufactured Housing. Office Buildings. Elementary, Middle, and High Schools. Medical Facilities. TRANSPORTATION. Sidewalks. Hierarchy of Streets and Roads. Street Networks and Street Connectivity. Vehicle Turning Radii. Traffic Calming. Pedestrian-Friendly Streets. Parking Lot Design. On-Street Bikeways. Multiuser Trails. Transit Systems. UTILITIES. Waste Management. Wastewater. Stormwater Runoff and Recharge. Water Supply. Wireless Infrastructure Overview. PARKS AND OPEN SPACE. Types of Parks. Greenways and Trails. Conservation Areas. Playgrounds. FARMING AND FORESTRY. Farms. Feedlots. Forestry. Part 4: PLACES AND PLACEMAKING. REGIONS. Regions. PLACES AND DISTRICTS. Neighborhoods. Neighborhood Centers. Historic Districts. Waterfronts. Arts Districts. Industrial Parks. Office Parks. Main Streets. DEVELOPMENT TYPES. Mixed-Use Development. Transit-Oriented Development. Conservation Development. Infill Development. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental Site Analysis. Urban Analysis. Scale and Density. Safety. Walkability. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-LEED. Streetscape. Part 5: ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. PROJECTIONS AND DEMAND ANALYSIS. Population Projections. Economic Base and Econometric Projections. Housing Needs Assessment. Parks, Recreation, and Open-Space Needs Assessment. IMPACT ASSESSMENT. Environmental Impact Assessment. Fiscal Impact Assessment. Traffic Impact Studies. MAPPING. Mapping Data Overview. Aerial Photographs and Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles. U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps. Property Maps in Modern Cadastres. Census Data and Demographic Mapping. Remote Sensing and Satellite Image Classification. Geographic Information Systems. VISUALIZATION. Visualization Overview. Montage Visualization. Three-Dimensional Visualization. Visual Preference Techniques. Part 6: IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS. Planning Law Overview. Property Rights, Police Power, Nuisance, and Vested Rights. Due Process and Equal Protection. Freedom of Religion and Expression. Eminent Domain,Takings, and Exactions. Federal Legislation. State Enabling Legislation. Zoning Regulation. Subdivision Regulation. Planned Unit Development. Innovations in Local Zoning Regulations. Sign Regulation. GROWTH MANAGEMENT. Adequate Public Facilities and Concurrency Management. Urban Growth Areas. Development Impact Fees. Transfer and Purchase of Development Rights. PRESERVATION,CONSERVATION, AND REUSE. Open-Space Preservation Techniques. Farmland Preservation. Land Evaluation and Site Assessment. Viewshed Protection. Historic Structures. Brownfields. ECONOMIC AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT. Capital Improvement Programs. Tax Increment Financing. Financing Methods and Techniques. Financial Planning and Analysis:The Pro Forma. Resources. Planning Resources. Graphic Symbols and Drawing Annotations. Index.

Abstract: In most communities, land use regulations are based on a limited model that allows for only one end result: the production of more and more suburbia, composed of endless subdivisions and shopping centers, that ultimately covers every bit of countryside with "improvements." Fortunately, sensible alternatives to this approach do exist, and methods of developing land while at the same time conserving natural areas are available.In "Conservation Design for Subdivisions," Randall G. Arendt explores better ways of designing new residential developments than we have typically seen in our communities. He presents a practical handbook for residential developers, site designers, local officials, and landowners that explains how to implement new ideas about land-use planning and environmental protection. Abundantly illustrated with site plans (many of them in color), floor plans, photographs, and renditions of houses and landscapes, it describes a series of simple and straightforward techniques that allows for land-conserving development.The author proposes a step-by-step approach to conserving natural areas by rearranging density on each development parcel as it is being planned so that only half (or less) of the buildable land is turned into houselots and streets. Homes are built in a less land-consumptive manner that allows the balance of property to be permanently protected and added to an interconnected network of green spaces and green corridors. Included in the volume are model zoning and subdivision ordinance provisions that can help citizens and local officials implement these innovative design ideas.

Abstract: Protected areas are the leading forest conservation policy for species and ecoservices goals and they may feature in climate policy if countries with tropical forest rely on familiar tools. For Brazil's Legal Amazon, we estimate the average impact of protection upon deforestation and show how protected areas’ forest impacts vary significantly with development pressure. We use matching, i.e., comparisons that are apples-to-apples in observed land characteristics, to address the fact that protected areas (PAs) tend to be located on lands facing less pressure. Correcting for that location bias lowers our estimates of PAs’ forest impacts by roughly half. Further, it reveals significant variation in PA impacts along development-related dimensions: for example, the PAs that are closer to roads and the PAs closer to cities have higher impact. Planners have multiple conservation and development goals, and are constrained by cost, yet still conservation planning should reflect what our results imply about future impacts of PAs.