Conservation designation

Abstract: A conservation easement is a legal agreement between a property owner and a conservation organization, generally a private nonprofit land trust, that restricts the type and amount of development that can be undertaken on that property Conservation easements protect land for future generations while allowing owners to retain property rights, at the same time providing them with significant tax benefits Conservation easements are among the fastest growing methods of land preservation in the United States today"Protecting the Land" provides a thoughtful examination of land trusts and how they function, and a comprehensive look at the past and future of conservation easements The book: provides a geographical and historical overview of the role of conservation easements analyzes relevant legislation and its role in achieving community conservation goals examines innovative ways in which conservation easements have been used around the country considers the links between social and economic values and land conservationContributors, including noted tax attorney and land preservation expert Stephen Small, Colorado's leading land preservation attorney Bill Silberstein, and Maine Coast Heritage Trust's general counsel Karin Marchetti, describe and analyze the present status of easement law Sharing their unique perspectives, experts including author and professor of geography Jack Wright, Dennis Collins of the Wildlands Conservancy, and Chuck Roe of the Conservation Trust of North Carolina offer case studies that demonstrate the flexibility and diversity of conservation easements "Protecting the Land" offers a valuable overview of the history and use of conservation easements and theevolution of easement-enabling legislation for professionals and citizens working with local and national land trusts, legal advisors, planners, public officials, natural resource mangers, policymakers, and students of planning and conservation

Abstract: All the species of Italian phanerogams growing in marine and/or brackish waters are considered deserving of protection as species and/or habitats, and are listed in international agreements and conventions. Unfortunately, in the Habitats Directive, adopted by Italy with the “Regulations implementing EEC Directive 92/43 relating to the conservation of natural and semi-natural habitats, as well as the wild flora and fauna, D.P.R. 357 of 08.09.1997 (G.U. 248 of 23.10.1997)”, the only marine phanerogam cited is Posidonia oceanica, and as a habitat (Annex I) and not as a species (Annexes II and IV). This is an enormous problem, because Directive 92/43 is the most important and cogent law for nature conservation as it is the only one with true sanctioning powers. The 1979 Berne Convention on wildlife and the natural environment in Europe was ratified by Italy in 1981 (Law 503 of 05/08/1981), but its Annexes regarding plants were only modified in 1996 (implemented by Italy in 1998) with the insertion of various species, including Cymodocea nodosa, Posidonia oceanica and Zostera marina. These were inserted in Annex 1, covering strictly protected plant species, for the conservation of which it is also necessary to protect the habitats in which they grow. It is the only convention, for the moment, in which C. nodosa is also considered as a species to be strictly protected. A fundamental contribution towards surmounting the shortcomings of the Habitats Directives in the marine environment is provided by the Barcelona Convention (1995), which contains various protocols, including the “Protocol related to specially protected areas and the biological diversity of the Mediterranean” (SPA/BIO). This is entirely innovative and not limited to territorial 113

Abstract: A guide to the preparation of conservation plans for places of European cultural significance in Australia. All aspects of conservation planning and development are tackled: definition of conservation plans; use of the Burra charter; cultural significance - evidence; conservation policy - strategy, management, maintenance; consultancy arrangement - super-vision, agreements, copyright, professional integrity; sources of funds for conservation plans, and the terms and procedures - publication, public availability, etc. The appendixes provide details of actual reports of conservation plans: at Goat Island and Elephant castle, Tamworth Gaol, and the Haymarket and the Capitol, Australia. The 1988 revison of the Burra Charter and its associated papers is also included.

Abstract: Protected areas are a cornerstone of many conservation approaches, and concepts of pristineness and wilderness are often considered central to protected area designation and management However, these concepts are rarely explored through a historical lens that captures the philosophies and assumptions underlying protected area designation In this paper, we aim to improve our understanding of protected area designation and management by reviewing the history of four main conservation approaches: (1) Wilderness conservation and the Yellowstone Model; (2) Wise use and the Game Reserve Model; (3) Wildlife and Biodiversity conservation; and (4) Ecosystem management Through examination of the history of these Models, we discuss the values, rationale and assumptions behind each approach, and how these interface with protected area designation In each case, we explore the extent of dependence on concepts of wilderness and pristineness We also highlight the evolution of alternative criteria for designating protected areas, and ascertain how far these alternative values influence protected area designation and management