Connotation

Abstract: In the new era, the Chinese government has implemented a strategic arrangement of high-quality development and a dual circulation development pattern, which injects new content and driving force into China’s new urbanization. To reveal these changes, this paper constructs a quadrilateral diamond structure model of urbanization development dynamics of four-dimensional force + institutional force + innovation force, based on the comprehensive connotation of urbanization. Then the standard variance method and global principal component regression model are applied to empirically analyze the urbanization level and its development dynamics for Chongqing, a typical representative city of strategic importance in China, from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the following. (1) The urbanization level and all subsystems in Chongqing have shown a significant growth trend, of which the population and social subsystems have been maintaining relatively high growth rates, mapping the urbanization from a traditional efficiency-first economic growth model to a comprehensive benefit maximization model, focusing on people’s livelihood and sustainable development. (2) The urbanization of Chongqing in the new era is an endogenous growth-oriented model driven by administrative, market, intrinsic, exterior, innovational, and institutional forces. This reflects the diversified and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era, as well as the rationality and superiority of the institutional arrangement of the Chinese government. (3) The quadrilateral diamond structure model, which is based on the endogenous growth of the two forces of institutions and scientific and technological innovation, reveals the regional attributes and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era. It can illustrate the Chinese experience for world urbanization research, and provides basic material for the world to understand and explore the characteristics and patterns of China’s urbanization development.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the connotation of performance evaluation of land reconsolidation,and to set up an indicator system to evaluate the performance of the projects and conduct a empirical analysis.Methods employed include Delphi,AHP and fuzzy estimation.The results show that:(1) the performance evaluation for land reconsolidation project can be analyzed from economic,social,ecological environmental aspect;(2) the cases show the land reconsolidation project has obtained sound social effect,whereas the economic effect and eco-environmental effect are not so obvious.It is concluded that we should establish a long term mechanism of evaluation on land reconsolidation porject based on the establishment of standard management system and improvement of index control and other aspects.

Abstract: By juxtaposing the cultural unconscious with relevant psychoanalytic concepts by Freud, Jung and Lacan, this article attempts to expound the connotation of the cultural unconscious from the levels ...

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which many words carry a con­ siderable weight of connotation, and to see how these aspects are dealt with in dic­ tionaries that are designed specifically for the foreign learner. Firstly, we need to decide what we mean by connotation. Iordanskaja and Mel'cuk (1984) offer a lengthy discussion of the word, so I do not propose to spend a great deal of time debating its various possible interpretations. For the purposes of this paper, I use the word connotation to refer to those associations of a word which a native speaker is aware ofbut which a non-native speaker, i.e. the learner, cannot guess at because these associations are culture-bound and cannot be con­ veyed by means of a standard dictionary definition. Nor, indeed, can these associ­ ations be deemed to be covered in a single word translation from one language to another. For example, to translate the English 'caviar' into the Russian ikra tells a Russian speaker what caviar is, but does no more. We shall return to this word later. It is often the case that connotatively weighted words appear, on the surface, to have perfectly straightforward meanings and to pose relatively few problems to the lexicographer who attempts to write conventional dictionary definitions for them. After selection of a genus word, the differentiae can be quickly assembled, woven into a definition which distinguishes the item from its co-hyponyms, and the lex­ icographer's most pressing task becomes the next word on the list. In a native speaker dictionary, one aim is to provide precise information about the boundaries of meaning, but in a learners' dictionary, the purpose of the differentiae is not so much to provide a technically or scientifically precise definition, but to provide suf­ ficient identifying features for the learner to be able to recognise the item in ques­ tion. Thus, C E D defines car as