TL;DR: In this article, an attempt to bring out the exact connotation of "judicial activism" and to find out its effects on today's changing society is made, where the authors present a case study on the effects of judicial activism on the society.
Abstract: Judicial activism has always been a source of heated debate, especially in the light of recent developments in this regard. Over the last few years with various controversial decisions, judges of the Supreme Court as well as various High Courts have once again triggered off the debate that has always generated a lot of heat. But still, what the term "judicial activism" actually connotes is still a mystery. From the inception of legal history till date, various critics have given various definitions of judicial activism, which are not only different but also contradictory. This is an attempt to bring out the exact connotation of "judicial activism" and to find out its effects on today's changing society.
TL;DR: Based on investigate and SWOT analyze method, the development pattern of gully economy and four Strategies have been Proposed in this article, which could provide theory and practical direction for the economy development of Beijing and the same kind of mountain area.
Abstract: Gully economy is an innovation model of mountain economy development that has been created by Beijing in recent years,which promoted economic and social development of mountain rural area effectively.The connotation,extension and basic characteristics of gully economy have been elaborated in the paper.Based on investigate and SWOT analyze method,the development pattern of gully economy and four Strategies have been Proposed.The study could provide theory and practical direction for the economy development of Beijing and the same kind of mountain area.
TL;DR: In this paper, a flow cost accounting has been developed in response to the criticism from ecology, which relieves pressure on the environment and cuts costs by the measures of flow management and at the same time improves economic and environmental efficiency.
Abstract: Flow cost accounting has been developed in response of the criticism from ecology, which relieves pressure on the environment and cuts costs by the measures of flow management and at the same time improves economic and environmental efficiency. This paper mainly introduces its connotation, basic idea, structure and treatment process.
TL;DR: In a pilot study of 20 subjects, a regression model was used to demonstrate that the topological properties of an individual’s iWordNet are related to his IQ score, a relationship that suggests iWordNets as a potential new methodology to studying cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
Abstract: One of the main challenges in artificial intelligence or computational linguistics is understanding the meaning of a word or concept. We argue that the connotation of the term “understanding,” or the meaning of the word “meaning,” is merely a word mapping game due to unavoidable circular definitions. These circular definitions arise when an individual defines a concept, the concepts in its definition, and so on, eventually forming a personalized network of concepts, which we call an iWordNet. Such an iWordNet serves as an external representation of an individual’s knowledge and state of mind at the time of the network construction. As a result, “understanding” and knowledge can be regarded as a calculable statistical property of iWordNet topology. We will discuss the construction and analysis of the iWordNet, as well as the proposed “Path of Understanding” in an iWordNet that characterizes an individual’s understanding of a complex concept such as a written passage. In our pilot study of 20 subjects we used a regression model to demonstrate that the topological properties of an individual’s iWordNet are related to his IQ score, a relationship that suggests iWordNets as a potential new methodology to studying cognitive science and artificial intelligence.