Abstract: Though it has become conventional to refer to the “new cosmopolitanisms” when discussing the resurgence of the term in the 1990s, current debates about cosmopolitanism can be traced back to its usages in the nineteenth century. In both its Victorian and contemporary contexts, cosmopolitanism ranges in connotation from the pejorative to the progressive and in denotation from a phenomenon to an ideal. This constitutive ambivalence helps to explain the controversy that has attended the term, both then and now.

Abstract: We tend to forget that the word “democracy” has had a negative connotation through most of its long history. The Greek word demokratia means rule by the demos, the populace, the common people. For centuries, there has been a fear that the unchecked rule by the people would be anarchic and turn into tyranny. The Founding Fathers of the United States did not think of themselves as creating a democracy, but rather a new republic . The elaborate system of checks and balances, as well as the Bill of Rights, were intended to counter the abuses of unrestrained democracy. Only in the nineteenth century did the word “democracy” begin to take on a positive connotation, although Alexis de Tocqueville - the most perceptive commentator on American democracy - warned about the many dangers that it confronted. And John Stuart Mill, the great liberal thinker, was worried about the tendency of democratic societies to foster mediocrity. There has always been an undercurrent, even by champions of democracy, that it is neither viable nor desirable to think that a workable democracy can involve the active participation of all the people. Today, the word “democracy” has such a positive aura, and elicits such a powerful emotional response, that we rarely think about what we really mean by democracy.

Abstract: Over the period January-December 2008 we collected 241 separate advertisements from 61 financial institutions published in the Financial Times. Reading across the ensemble of ads for themes and evocative images, sketching an outline in symbolic space as it were, provides an impression of the financial imaginaries created by these organizations as the global financial crisis unfolded. In using the term ‘phantasmagoria’ we move beyond its colloquial sense of a set of strange images designed to dazzle, towards the more technical connotation used by Ranciere (2004) who suggested that words and images can offer a trace of an overall determining set-up if they are torn from their obviousness so they become phantasmagoric figures. The latter connotation encourages a search for dissonances, juxtapositions and contradictions in particular imaginaries and is thus close to Jameson’s (1998, 2007) notion of dialectical criticism. Such an approach is a response to the realization that too much has been ceded too readily to powerful naturalizing forces which have made certain aspects of the recent period of ‘capitalism in crisis’ very hard to question.

Abstract: Along with the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, Chinese enterprises are being in a stage filled with opportunities and dangers. This paper introduces the connotation and significance of strategic financial management, elaborates the problems in the financial strategies conducted by small and medium-sized enterprises together with the causes and proposes some countermeasures finally.

Abstract: The Internet of Things aims at connecting all the things in real world by means of various information devices to form a united network,in which all the things are digital and identified for different usage and sharing.Based on the understanding of the connotation and characteristics of the Internet of Things,this paper discusses two typical projects based on the Internet of Things,explores its application prospects in education,and mainly focuses on how to utilize the Internet of Things to construct intelligent instructional environments,to enrich experimental teaching,to assist educational management and to extend educational activities outside classroom.

Abstract: In this paper, the author investigated how feelings, emotions as well as ideological beliefs of individuals or groups were conveyed through linguistic expressions to manipulate those of others. He adopted a Critical Discourse Analysis approach to describe and analyse the patterns of language use in three of the last presidential campaign speeches in Nigeria with the aim of uncovering the hidden meaning relating to the social structures, identities and power relations between the electorates, political office holders. Concepts like topicalisation, mood system, passivisation, presupposition, connotation, tone and style, among others, were considered. Through the application of Critical Discourse Analysis, the findings revealed how language was used to champion individual interests in political discourse. The author explicated how the aspirants, through the manipulation of linguistic facilities, reconstructed and controlled people’s thoughts and perceptions and concluded by awakening the consciousness of every reader of political discourse to read between the lines because utterances in the political campaign arena are not

Abstract: As we know, language is a cultural carrier. Culture-loaded vocabulary plays an important role in a language. Different social backgrounds and national cultures have a great effect on the cultural connotations of vocabulary. Along with the development and progress of human society, animal words gradually have got their established connotations in all languages. Many animals have become a kind of symbol in people’s thinking and this symbol is reflected in the language. However, the connotations of animal words in one language do not necessarily coincide with those in another because of geographical environment, convention, history and religion in different cultures. This paper attempts to compare the similarities and differences of animal words, the causes for differences so that we can not only better master and use the animal words accurately, but also understand the eastern and western cultures, promoting the cross-cultural communication.Key words: animal words; cultural discrepancy; cultural connotation

Abstract: Translation is to reproduce the meaning and style of a source language text in a target language text in consideration of the cultural differences. Because of dramatic differences between the cultures, translators have to sacrifice something, such as time, religious connotation, and the wording of the original poem to obtain its aesthetic value and its original beauty. In this paper the author examines the poetry translation focusing on the basic concepts of cultural translation and the difficulties of Chinese poetry translation, and special attentions are paid on losses and the strategies in the translation. Beginning from the basic concepts of cultural translation, the paper expounds the essence of the cultural translation in order to lay a sound foundation for the following analysis of the poetry translation. In Part 2, the paper points out the difficulties of Chinese poetry translation that arise from the differences between Chinese and English cultures .Part 3 is a tentative analysis of the losses in the English translation of Chinese poetry and categorizes the losses into four groups:the loss of time;the loss of religious connotation ;the loss in wording; the loss of allusion. To address the losses, the author proposes several strategies such as free translation , transfer of allusion and annotation.

Abstract: The index system is very important to lead the construction,and confirm the details of standards of low-carbon cities.It is the key process to take the basic and theoretic study of low-carbon cities into the practical application.Based on the analysis of the connotation of low-carbon cities,this paper put forward rudimental framework,principles and methods to set up the index system of low-carbon cities.According to the "driving forces-pressures-state-impacts-responses" model framework,this paper established the index system to construct and evaluate a low-carbon city,taking full account of the development situation of China's low-carbon economy.

Abstract: As a new path for ideological and political education in colleges and universities,the mutual support among college students can effectively promote students' self-cultivation and self-improvement,and enhance the effect of ideological and political educationThis article elaborates the connotation,theoretical basis and practical needs of mutual support among college students,and then on this basis,analyzes the strategic significance of launching the mutual support program in colleges and universitiesIt is recommended that colleges and universities should include the program of mutual support among college students in their ideological and political educationFurthermore,colleges and universities should strengthen their ideological and political education through this program,and thus to effectively address the practical issues of students in thinking,learning,living and working

Abstract: Chinese traditional culture is a splendid culture created by the Chinese nation in thousands of years,which affects our lives and restricts our education todayThis paper starts with the basic connotation of Chinese traditional culture and deeply analyses its contemporary valueIt suggests that we should have an appropriate attitude towards our traditional culture,and not only continue it,but also inherit and develop it with creative transformationTherefore a comprehensive and rational understanding of Chinese traditional culture is of great practical significance to the building of a culture with Chinese characteristics,a good scientific concept of development and a harmonious society,and to the equal exchange of global cultures

Abstract: The healthy development of urbanization is challenged by rapid urbanization in China.The attributes of urban ecosystem is analyzed on structure,process and function.With the discussion of the concept of urbanization and its both positive and negative effects,it is argued that for the sake of achieving sustainable urbanization,the rational structure,efficient process and complete function of urban ecosystem should be assured.Then the connotation of sustainable urbanization is proposed as follows:to control the growth of per capita ecological footprint,to enhance the welfare of urban resident,and to improve the efficiency of urban metabolism during the process of urbanization.

Abstract: The paper redefines the electronic medical record and the basic concept of electronic medical record system,locates the connotation and denotation of the electronic medical record and electronic medical record system indicating that "paperless storage,integrated display and intelligent application" is the goal of electronic medical record building,and focuses on the conditions needed in the realization of paperless electronic medical record.It also suggests that the development of electronic medical record will become more human-oriented with formal standards being made.

Abstract: This bachelor thesis is focused on definitions of euphemisms, areas of use, relation between euphemisms and dysphemisms, effect of pejoration on euphemisms, possibilities of expressing euphemisms through figures of speech. The analytical part of this work is aimed at euphemisms used in economy and politics. In the analytical part, euphemisms from economic and political articles are analyzed according to a word class, meaning, figures of speech and a context.

Abstract: This paper elaborates the low carbon building from the aspects of definition, connotation and philosophy, analyzes the components of carbon emission in life cycle of a building, proposes the main methods of constructing low carbon buildings, and gives advices on the control and education about low carbon buildings.

Abstract: This paper gives the connotation of knowledge integration from the angle of process,and then it examines the relationship among innovation network,knowledge integration and technology innovation based on enterprises in Cooperation of Industry University and Research InstituteResults show that: knowledge integration has a totally medium effect between network structure and technology innovation,and it has a partly medium effect between network relation and technology innovation

Abstract: The paper tries to clarify the prevalent definition of tourism from the perspective of disciplinary constructionThe author argues that tourism could be defined as a leisure experience in an unacquainted environmentThis definition involves our cognition of the essence of tourism and determines the key element,connotation and boundaries of this disciplineThe author holds the view that differentiating tourism from other types of travel will be conducive to the construction of tourism and relevant disciplines so as to avoid the predicament confronting higher tourism education currently

Abstract: This paper presents the published concepts and classifications of the marine ecosystem services.Based upon the characteristics of the marine ecosystem,the connotation on the marine ecosystem services was identified from 4 aspects.Those are the service object,substance foundation,production processes and realization approaches.The services provided by the marine ecosystem are reduced to 15 items.The specific descriptions of each item are also presented.According to relativity of contents and comparability of effects,services are classified into four categories:provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services and supporting services.The services also can be classified as the coastal and open ocean ecosystem services due to the consideration of their spatial diversity.We suggest that the appropriate classification system should be adopted depend on the characteristics in the study area and the purpose of research.

Abstract: As cultural and creative industries have important political,economic,social and cultural missions,and as differences between different countries and regions,the policy-making in one region should have its own innovative implications and can't follow policies from other industries and other regionsThe cultural and creative industries policies from China and other countries are analyzed and the current problems in industry positioning,industry spatial distribution and objective balance are identifiedThe policy innovative implications based on the convergence of culture and creation,the symbiosis between industry and space and the coordination between economic and social objective are put forward to achieve the sustainable development of Chinese cultural and creative industries

Abstract: This paper discusses theories on the low carbon eco-city,including the connotation,characteristics,and basic principles of planning/ construction of the low carbon eco-cityIn addition,this paper analyzes the relationships among the connotation,characteristics and basic principles of planning/construction of the low carbon eco-city

Abstract: With the promulgation and implementation of the new edition of accounting standard and the increasing complexity of the economic environment, the accountants’ professional judgment ability should be further enhanced, and how to continually enhance the accountants’ professional judgment ability has become into an important task in the accounting research. Based on that, starting from the implementation of the new edition of accounting standard, the basic connotation of the accountant professional judgment, and the actuality of the accountant professional judgment, the approaches and countermeasures to enhance the accountant professional judgment ability are researched in this article.

Abstract: Gully economy is an innovation model of mountain economy development that has been created by Beijing in recent years,which promoted economic and social development of mountain rural area effectively.The connotation,extension and basic characteristics of gully economy have been elaborated in the paper.Based on investigate and SWOT analyze method,the development pattern of gully economy and four Strategies have been Proposed.The study could provide theory and practical direction for the economy development of Beijing and the same kind of mountain area.

Abstract: At present the country's eastern regions,such as the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,and other developed areas to the cities have taken the lead into a new stage of stable development,correspondingly,the core of urbanization strategy has also changed from the increase of the number to the comprehensive upgrading of the urbanization quality.According to the new connotation,new trends and new impetus of urbanization,this paper takes a case of Changshu city to analysis the problems and contradictions that the county-level cities in developed area of the country may face in the later stages of urbanization.This paper also builds up an assessment system for the urbanization quality of China′s county-level cities on economic development,urban life,social development,infrastructure,ecological environment,urban and rural harmonious,and based on this it further puts forward the overall development Strategy and implementation way for the upgrading of urbanization quality of county-level cities in eastern developed area.

Abstract: Based on the theory of life cycle assessmen(tLCA), this paper makes a list analysis on the building carbon emission of the stages of embodiment, maintenance, and demolishment, defining the connotation of the low carbon building. Furthermore, the paper develops the framwork and approach of calculating the building carbon emission.

Abstract: Choosing economic development,eco-environmental quality,degree of social civilization,degree of living convenience and infrastructure construction in five areas,an evaluation index system of one-level indexes and two-level indexes based on the connotation of livable cities are establishes.Taking the provincial capitals and crown cities as research objects,it projects China′s major cities′livability ranks and their evaluation by Delphi Method and AHP.The results show that these cities livability unevenly distributed.And theirs geographical location,economic development and level of education in terms of the cities′ livability have a significant impact.

Abstract: Searching for a name to give to the excessive, exorbitant connotation – what he calls ‘the third meaning’ – that he senses in certain Eisenstein stills, Roland Barthes comes upon the Latin word obtusus , or perhaps more accurately, it comes to him. He explains why it seems just right: Obtusus means blunted, rounded … An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle: an obtuse angle of 100° , says the dictionary; the third meaning, too, seems to me greater than the pure perpendicular, the trenchant, legal upright of the narrative … I even accept, for this obtuse meaning, the word's pejorative connotation: the obtuse meaning seems to extend beyond culture, knowledge, information … It belongs to the family of puns, jokes, useless exertions; indifferent to moral or aesthetic categories (the trivial, the futile, the artificial, the parodic), it sides with the carnival aspect of things. Obtuse therefore suits my purposes well. (‘The Third Meaning’, 44) This comes from an essay first published in 1970, in which Barthes posits two ‘obvious’ meanings, the informational or communicational meaning and the symbolic meaning, and this third meaning which is not really a meaning at all.

Abstract: In this paper, we introduced the definition of lean culture and the project culture. We summarized the cultural characteristics of China's railway project construction. We took advantage of lean thinking in the project culture. We also put forward the concept and significance of lean project culture construction as well as the implementation. The connotation of lean project culture construction expands the connotation of lean thinking largely.

Abstract: Tourism Performing Arts is integrated by tourism and cultural industries and has great prospects in the tourism field.Taking Impression ·the Third Sister Liu as the study object,the paper analyzes its culture features such as nationality,original ecology and landscape-orientation based on GuiLin' regional culture.Then,it takes some thoughts on the exploration of culture elements in Impression ·the Third Sister Liu.The paper argues that profound regional cultural connotation and show play a critical role on the success of Tourism Performing Arts.The deeper it integrated,the better effects it plays.It can also make the Tourism Performing Arts a greater vigor and vitality,and finally it can help the tourism industry and cultural industry obtain a win-win prospect.

Abstract: The Danish wordnet, DanNet, though part of the global WordNet family, contains some information types that are not generally provided in wordnets such as qualia roles and connotation of words. Connotation is seen as the set of associations implied by a lexeme in addition to its primary, literary meaning; it is evoked by one (or more) particular feature of the entity referred to and suggests attitudes, emotions and opinions like admiration or disapproval. Thus, lexemes with a connotation have an observable pragmatic effect in texts making them subjective or opinionated. In the paper, we discuss the relevance of connotation information in lexicons for computational applications in general and present the set of encoded semantic information exemplified by empirical data. We focus on a particular ontological type of entities, namely humans with the focus on selected hyponyms of person that are encoded with a connotation value and discuss the prototypical properties evoking positive or negative connotations. The qualia structure based approach enables to encode both the prevalent, connotation evoking features and prototypical activities of the person. The material encoded with connotation so far consist of 650 nouns and comprises a male, a female and a gender-neutral group, thus it lends itself to comparative examinations concerning the distribution of connotation evoking features and polarity distribution within each individual group and between the groups as well. One of the most striking observations says that (in our material) the negative connotation polarity is predominant; the most important feature of female persons seems to be their positive appearance, and a general disparaging attitude dominates as regards the conduct and manners of male persons.