Abstract: Authors introduce the origination and connotation of the concept of ecosystem health and main research contents in ecosystem health; expound the relationships between ecosystem health and sustainable development for human. The authors also introduce some famous practices on ecosystem health around world, and provide suggestions that it should be urgent to address the research in the field of ecosystem health in China.

Abstract: In the last few years the name of Macedonia has appeared quite frequently among the primary issues within the crisis in the Balkans. For years it was little known world-wide, except for its ancient heritage and Alexander the Great, but the name of this pleasant region has outgrown its geographic connotation and gained very significant political importance. Macedonia, one of the former Yugoslav republics, slipped rather easily away from the common state, but it faced other very serious problems with regard to its fundamental political (name and emblems) and economic future.

Abstract: Thought and philosophy about advanced manufacturing system was reviewed. The advanced manufacturing systems based corporation's resources or based on social resources were explicated. Its development was retraced and envisioned. Concepts of CIMS and agile manufacturing and their connotation were introduced as well.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The concept 'domain' derives from the Latin adjective 'dominicum' which originally refers to belonging to a lord (The Universal English Dictionary 1961). Actually, the same root joins together such words as a lord or a master of a house (dom), a house, a home or a building (domus), as well as a despot, which refers either to a lord of a household, a master, owner, ruler or an absolute ruler. The most explicit meaning of domain makes references to "lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government etc." (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English 1995, 344), whereas the figurative connotation of the concept brings out more abstract meanings in highlighting realms or spheres of knowledge or thought (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Vol. 1, 1981, 670). Further, domain may also refer to a particular area of activity or interest. Finally, according to BBC English Dictionary (1992) someone's domain as a formal word represents the area where they have control or influence. Starting from these dictionary definitions, drawing on conceptions adopted within management and organizations research, and using analogies, this paper focuses on analyzing and refining 'a manager's domain'. It addresses both the content and form of this originally organizational construct and builds on the contribution made by scholars of managerial work, jobs and behaviour (Sayles 1964, Mintzberg 1973, Stewart 1976, 1982, Kotter 1982, Watson 1994). It also draws on other relevant perspectives which either highlight the influence of or deal with top level managers (cf. Thompson 1967, Finkelstein and Hambrick 1996). Therefore it focuses on managing directors. The position at the organizational boundary presents challenges for their work and creates a context which cannot be controlled by formal authority. Indeed, the impact of the external social environment on shaping managerial work seems outstanding. In this paper, external refers to outside formal authority. Further, and most importantly, the present study concentrates on owner-managers who hold a major share in their companies. The reasons are many. Firstly, ownership establishes a different ground for work and domain, as can be seen in the increasing number of equity and options offered for non-owners (Finkelstein and Boyd 1998, cf. Berle and Means 1932, Jensen and Meckling 1976). Secondly, owner-managers have been largely neglected in previous studies of managerial work. Thirdly, their dual position enables to restrict the number of internal variables to be considered in analyzing the phenomenon. This stance also allows us replace 'organization' with a lone actor--an owner-manager--in those discussions where the shifting unit of analysis might otherwise be problematic. As a whole, the owner-manager perspective increases the relevance and actuality of the topic. This paper aims to make a conceptual contribution. It is presumed that most of the relevant concepts for explaining the relations of a manager's domain exist, but they have to be identified to create meaningful propositions. The research task consists of two parts: The first aim is to justify this study by highlighting the ambiguity surrounding the use of domain within the management and organization's literature. Secondly, a manager's domain is reintroduced into the language of inductive management research by presenting a theoretically coherent and empirically meaningful conceptual framework tailored for approaching owner-managers' work. The ideal of the paper is to create conceptual tools, which capture the intension and extension of the concept clearly. This calls for explicating domain's conditions and consequences in the owner-manager context. All in all, the paper furthers understanding and offers implications for future research. In addition, it provides insights for owner-managers, who might use domain for reflecting over their work and its boundaries. …

Abstract: This paper consists of the four sections : (1 ) what is language researches in orbit round philosophyof the West, (2 ) how linguistic researches help philosophers do their jobs in three aspects; (3 ) how weunscramble the philosophical connotation hidden in such concrete items of linguistic researches as truth,meaning, speech acts, reference, proper names, propositions, metaphors and nature of language and so on.

Abstract: Based on the dynamic balance of China's cultivated land,the paper advances that its theoretical connotation is quantity balance,quality balance,global balance,regional balance, time balance and so on. Furthermore,the article discusses of the strategical countermeasures to applying dynamic balance of cultivated land,with on the basis of the developing trend of our cultivated land present as well as future.

Abstract: Abstract The title of this work identifies as its subject the associations of classical Athens. It is of course incumbent upon us, as a preliminary to our investigation, to define the meaning of the term “association.” As it turns out, this is not as easy a task as it might at first seem. For one thing, any naive philological approach involving the isolation of a Greek synonym for the English “association” must be ruled out as a possibility. To be sure, several Greek terms are used on occasion with something like this meaning. Some, such as koinonia, homilia, and synousia, often possess an active, strongly verbal connotation of being together, social intercourse, or interpersonal dealings, but carry no necessary implication of the existence of an organization possessing a structure or unified purpose.