Abstract: What's in a name? Sometimes a good deal. Tom Hammond organized the panels on "Public Administration" for the 1988 meetings of APSA. As he later told me, he decided that this section name had a narrower connotation than he wanted. He told prospective panelists that he wanted the section to encompass phenomena outside public agencies that affected the agencies, phenomena inside the agencies themselves, and the interaction between outside and inside phenomena. Not much omitted, one would think. But the title he chose for the section-"Bureaucracy"-elicited an intense reaction from several professors of public administration. One said in rather vigorous terms that Tom was trying to read public administration out of the APSA. This reaction puzzled and frustrated him; he had tried to be inclusive.

Abstract: This work attempts to study the relationship between buildings - principally churches - and religion, "religion" meaning worship and spirituality. It aims to study church architecture from a variety of different angles or viewpoints, contrasting with many previous studies, which tend to employ only one approach. Three basic concepts are defined - Theory, Meaning, and Experience - which, while interrelated in practice, are ultimately separate things. Section 1 is a condensed account of three basic religious architectural theories, or ways in which architecture and places are understood in specifically religious/theological terms. Section 2 applies the study of architectural meaning to churches, proceeding from a chronological resume of church architectural meaning in history. It applies the concepts of semiology or semiotics to church architectural meaning, and distinguishes between specific systems of architectural meaning, and loose connotation and association. Section 3 outlines various ways in which religion and spirituality maybe affected by buildings, including the effects of aesthetic factors such as design rules, proportion, light and darkness, etc., and examines reported instances of religious/spiritual experience from the point of view of place(s) and aesthetics. By way of these studies, it is suggested that experience of space and spiritual experience may be intimately linked, but that experience(s) of, and in, buildings can in no way necessarily be determined, anticipated, or found to be constant. Section 4 argues that church buildings have to be made, and regarded, as places that are by nature special and of special significance, and suggests that architects, in creating new churches (or re-ordering existing buildings) take account of the factors discussed in sections 2 and 3, in an attempt, wherever possible, to enrich the experience of worship and spirituality by means of making places which provide more than the essential requirements of liturgy.

Abstract: Due to the negative connotation many African communities attach to any form of population control, communication campaigns can not only provide people with information regarding the risks of uncontrolled population growth, but also positively change their attitudes towards population control. The article examines the need for popular information and communication campaigns in Swaziland as instruments to change attitudes and behavior. It also suggests an intervention program as an approach to population control in the country.

Abstract: Abstract Currently there is no world-widebinding agreement regulating commercial behaviour or agreements of firms. Only two business practices are subject to some binding regulation: transnational price discrimination and sales below full cost are indirectly controlled through the provisions against dumping contained in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (the GAIT) and the GATI Antidumping Code. The word ‘dumping’ always seems to have had a pejorative connotation. Professor Jackson relates that Adam Smith was the first to use the word dumping, but in reference to situations approximating to today’s subsidies. Viner refers to discussions by Alexander Hamilton in 1791 about foreign country dumping. Jackson reports that during the US Congress debates of 1884, the word dumping was used in reference to undesirable foreign goods sold in the American market.

Abstract: Although the French physiocrats of the 18th century associated entre preneurship with agriculture, in later years the term gradually assumed a primarily industrial connotation. Today it is rarely u...