Compound engine

Abstract: Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in many countries. Compressed natural gas (CNG) has long been used in stationary engines, but the application of CNG as a transport engines fuel has been conside rably advanced over the last decade by the development of lightweight high-pressure storage cy linders. Engine conversion technology is well established and suitable conversion equipment is re adily available. For spark ignition engines there a re two options, a bi-fuel conversion and use a dedicat ed to CNG engine. For compression ignition engines converted to run on natural gas, there are two main options discussed, there are dual-fuel engines and normal ignition can be initiated. Natur al gas engines can operate at lean burn and stoichiometric conditions with different combustion and emission characteristics. In this paper, the CNG engines research and development fueled using CNG are highlighted to keep the output power, torque and emissions of natural gas engines compara ble to their gasoline or diesel counterparts. The high activities for future CNG engines research and development to meet future CNG engines is recorded in the paper.

Abstract: In a conventional gas-turbine engine, fuel is burned in separate combustors before the heated high-pressure gas expands through the turbine to provide shaft power for the compressor, fan, propellers, helicoptor rotors, or an electric generator in a ground-based powerplant application. It is proposed in this paper that combustion be continued purposely inside the turbine to increase the efficiency and specific thrust/power of the engine. We term such a turbine with combustion a turbine-burner. A thermodynamic cycle analysis is performed to demonstrate the performance gains of turbojet engines with the turbine burner over the conventional turbojets. Ground-based gas-turbine engines for power generation are also analyzed, with the results showing even better performance gains compared without conventional engines. A mixing-layer analysis with combustion in an accelarated flow similar to the conditions in the turbine burner shows that there is also potential reduction of NOr by using the turbineburner compared with conventional combustors, where the burning is at a constant pressure. Challenges and related research issues that must be addressed to use the turbine-burner technology are identified in this paper.

Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines. 2. Air-Standard Cycles and Their Analysis. 3. Reactive Systems. 4. Fuel-Air Cycles and Their Analysis. 5. The Actual Cycle. 6. Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines. 7. Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines. 8. Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines. 9. Carburettors and Fuel Injection in SI Engines. 10. CI Engines: Fuel-Injection System. 11. Two-Stroke Engines. 12. Ignition Systems. 13. Engine Friction and Lubrication. 14. Heat Transfer in Engines and Cooling Systems. 15. Air Capacity and Supercharging. 16. Engine Testing and Performance. 17. Exhaust Emissions. 18. Alternative Potential Engines. Bibliography. Answers to Problems. Index.

Abstract: A Short History of the Steam Engine, first published in 1939, remains one of the most readable and clear explanations of the topic for the non-specialist. H. W. Dickinson limits himself to stationary engines and boilers, and only touches on the beginnings of locomotive and marine engines. He puts the stages of development in their context, showing how economic and social factors were involved in the evolution of the steam engine. The illustrations are plentiful and the text, while technical, never becomes impenetrable. The successive improvements to the simple engines of the seventeenth century, as new materials or purposes arose, are developed chapter by chapter to the twentieth century. Each engineer was building on the work of his predecessors, rather than there being any single inventor of genius. Dickinson also wrote biographies of key figures of the Industrial Revolution, which are being reissued in this series.