Community economic development

Abstract: The long-term health of a community's food system is an important indicator of its vitality and sustainability. A logical and appropriate way to revitalize a community is by the development of a local food economy. People throughout the United States are designing and implementing sustainable, local food systems that are rooted in particular places, aim to be economically viable for farmers and consumers, use ecologically sound production and distribution practices, and enhance social equity and democracy for all members of the community. This paper reviews the existing literature on local food systems, examines a variety of strategies and initiatives that are currently underway, and identifies steps that community kaders and citizens can use to develop their own local food systems. Finally, I suggest what research is needed to support these community efforts.

Abstract: Chapter 1: The Role of Assets in Community-Based Development Whither Community? Growth Versus Development People Versus Place Capacity Building Community Sustainability The Challenge of Regionalism Asset Building Public Participation The Role of Community-Based Organizations Models of Community Development Summary and Conclusions Chapter 2: A History of Community Development in America The Evolution of Community Development Recurring Issues in Community Development Summary and Conclusions Chapter 3: Community Sustainability What Is Community Sustainability? Why Sustainability? The History of Sustainability Approaches to Sustainability Summary and Conclusions Chapter 4: The Community Development Process Community Organizing Public Participation Planning Models, Techniques, and Process Steps Summary and Conclusions Chapter 5: The Role of Community-Based Organizations Community Development Corporations Local Development Corporations Neighborhood Associations Community Youth Organizations Faith-Based Organizations Community Foundations International Nongovernmental Organizations Summary and Conclusions Chapter 6: Human Capital Workforce Development Issues Key Concepts and Debates CBOs and Workforce Development Context for Workforce Development Key Actors and Institutions Local Labor Market Data Developing Goals and Strategies Summary and Conclusions Chapter 7: Social Capital Social Capital Definition and Issues Key Concepts and Debates CBOs and Social Capital Social Capital and Ethnic Enclaves Social Capital and Local Economic Development Assessing Social Capital Summary and Conclusions Chapter 8: Physical Capital Housing Issues Key Concepts and Debates A History of Federal Housing Policy The Role of CBOs in Housing Provision The Impact of CBOs Summary and Conclusions Chapter 9: Financial Capital Financial Capital Issues Key Concepts and Debates Community Credit Institutions Context for Community Credit Institutions Key Actors and Institutions Community Economic Development Finance Predatory Lending Individual Development Accounts Assessing Local Credit Markets Strategies for Building Local Credit Markets Summary and Conclusions Chapter 10: Environmental Capital Forms of Environmental Capital Land Use and Environmental Capital The Roles of Government and the Market Community-Based Organizations Summary and Conclusions Chapter 11: Political Capital Key Concepts and Debates Methods Community-Based Organization and Political Capital Community Collaboration and Political Capital Deliberative Democracy as Political Capital Summary and Conclusions Chapter 12: Cultural Capital Cultural Capital Definition and Issues Key Concepts and Debates Culture and Place Government and CBOs in Cultural Capital Summary and Conclusions Chapter 13: Food, Energy, and Community Local Food Systems and Community Types of Local Food Systems Energy and Local Sustainability Summary and Conclusions Chapter 14: Natural Disasters and Climate Change: The Role of Community Assets What Are Natural Disasters? What Creates Natural Disasters? Responses to Natural Disasters The Role of Community-Based Organizations Summary and Conclusions Chapter 15: The Future of Community Development Fulfilling the Promise of Community-Based Development Local Versus External Initiation of Community Development Community-Based Organizations and International Development An Agenda for Promoting Community Development in America Summary and Conclusions

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to stimulate and inform discussion about the community role in sustainable development and to broaden our understanding of the opportunities for sustainable community development activity. It begins with an overview of sustainable development, questioning its focus on poverty as a major source of environmental degradation, and suggesting instead that both poverty and environmental degradation result largely from wealth. It next examines the concepts of natural capital and social capital, whether (and if so, how) they are linked, and explores their implications for sustainable development at the community level. Chapter 3 examines planning theory and sustainable development, finds that while planning theory is, or should be, relevant to sustainable development, planners concerned with key aspects of sustainable development will have to look to “greener” pastures for relevant theoretical guidance. Chapter 4 considers the implications for achieving sustainable development in communities, particularly regarding the future of work and community economic development. Chapter 5 details a framework for sustainable community development. Chapter 6 concerns questions of governance for sustainable community development and it focuses on public participation, decision-making, the role of local government, and planning for action. Chapter 7 examines relevant policy instruments and planning tools. Finally, Chapter 8 explores the challenge ahead for sustainable community development. ! 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved.

Abstract: Community, participation and empowerment - the human face of structural adjustment of tools for democratic transformation?, Marjorie Mayo and Gary Craig counter-development - possibilities and constraints, Benno Galjart participatory development - toward liberation and co-optation?, Muhammad Anisur Rahman disability - emancipation, community participation and disabled people, Colin Barnes and Geof Mercer empowerment and ageing - toward honoured places for crones and sages, Jenny Onyx and Pam Benton the voluntary sector challenge to fortress Europe, Pauline Conroy the university and empowerment - the European union, university adult education and community economic development with "excluded groups", Peadar Shanahan and John Ward self-organization and older people in Eastern Germany, Prue Chamberlayne Community work and the state - the changing context of UK practice, Marilyn Taylor community action in the United States, S.M. Miller, et al community development organizational capacity and US urban policy - lessons from the Chicago experience 1983-1993, Wim Wiewel and Doug Gills activism, service provision and the states' intellectuals - community work in Australia, Helen Meekosha and Martin Mowbray community organizing in the Philippines - the experience of development NGOs, Karen Constantino-David social reconstruction and community development in the transition to democracy in South Africa, Vivienne Taylor participation, empowerment and sexual health in Africa, Gill Gordon the Nicaraguan community movement - in defence of life, Hazel Plunkett Brazilian community development - changes and challenges, Frances O'Connor.