Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction: Three Questions about the Future: Answers from the Past Chapter 2 The Internet Era-and Beyond Chapter 3 The Anglosphere and Its Revolutions Chapter 4 Trust, Civil Society, Government, and Cyberspace Chapter 5 The Civic State and the Network Commonwealth Chapter 6 The Anglosphere as a Unique Civilization Chapter 7 The Anglosphere Century

Abstract: London was once the hub of an empire on which 'the sun never set.' After the second world war, as Britain withdrew from most of its colonies, the city that once possessed the world began to contain a diasporic world that was increasingly taking possession of it. Drawing on postcolonial theories - as well as interdisciplinary perspectives from cultural geography, urban theory, history, and sociology - Imagining London examines representations of the English metropolis in Canadian, West Indian, South Asian, and second-generation 'black British' novels written in the last half of the twentieth century. It analyzes the diverse ways in which London is experienced and portrayed as a transnational space by Commonwealth expatriates and migrants. As the former 'heart of empire' and a contemporary 'world city,' London metonymically represents the British Empire in two distinct ways. In the early years of decolonization, it is a primarily white city that symbolizes imperial power and history. Over time, as migrants from former colonies have 'reinvaded the centre' and changed its demographic and cultural constitution, it has come to represent empire geographically and spatially as a global microcosm. John Clement Ball examines the work of more than twenty writers, including established authors such as Robertson Davies, Mordecai Richler, Jean Rhys, Sam Selvon, V.S. Naipaul, Anita Desai, and Salman Rushdie, and newer voices such as Catherine Bush, David Dabydeen, Amitav Ghosh, Hanif Kureishi, and Zadie Smith.

Abstract: Introduction: Near or Temporary Abroad? Russia's Foreign Policy Arsenal Retaining a Union: Belarus and Kaliningrad Regaining a Commonwealth: Ukraine and Moldova Blocking Western Encroachment: The Baltic States Neutralizing the Core: Central Europe Exploiting Crisis: Adriatic Balkans Exporting Influence: Black Sea Balkans Conclusions: Looking Ahead

Abstract: The XVII Commonwealth Games in Manchester, from July 25 to August 4, 2002, was the largest Commonwealth Games (the Games) and multisporting event ever held in the UK and required the recruitment and training of the largest volunteer workforce in the UK in recent decades. While much has been written about volunteering within different contextual backgrounds, and in relation to large-scale events, little research has addressed the issue of expectations of volunteers and their attitude towards functional management during the run up to a major international event. Using a qualitative research approach with focus groups this study addresses these issues. In terms of expectations, a number of key factors were identified in relation to the recruitment, training, and other management dimensions of the Games that have implications for volunteer motivation, responses to the psychological contract, and the long-term impact of a major event.

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Who were the English? 3. Convicts and labourers 4. Farmers, miners and artisans 5. An English upper class? 6. From colonies to commonwealth 7. 'Bringing out Britons' 8. The English minority 9. Conclusion - the English as a minority in an English-speaking society.

Abstract: Preface List of cases List of constitutions List of statutes List of other instruments Map Introduction 1. The democratic state in Africa: setting the scene 2. Constitutions and the search for a viable political order 3. Devising popular and durable national constitutions: the new constitutions of the 1990s 4. Perfecting imperfections: amending a constitution 5. Presidentialism and restraints upon executive power 6. Enhancing access to the political system 7. Making legislatures effective 8. The judiciary and the protection of constitutional rights 9. The devolution of power to local communities 10. Developing autochthonous oversight bodies: human rights commissions and offices of the ombudsman 11. Seeking constitutional control of the military 12. Constitutionalism and emergency powers 13. Constitutional governance: the lessons from southern and eastern experience Bibliography Index.

Abstract: This book highlights the tremendous shift in the traditional arrangements for the delivery of civil justice in the Commonwealth Caribbean, from litigation to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes. Over the last quarter of a century, much learning has taken place on the topic of ADR and the literature on the subject is now voluminous. This book puts forward the thesis that the peculiar experiences of the developing world ought to help reshape our traditional notions of ADR. Furthermore, the impact of globalisation on the developing world has brought with it special and peculiar challenges to our notions of civil and criminal justice which are not replicated elsewhere. This book will appeal to a wide readership. The legal profession, students of law and politics, social scientists, mediators, the police, state officers and the public at large will find its contents of interest.

Abstract: Hospitals across the country are searching for ways to improve quality of care and promote effective quality improvement strategies. This research study identifies and describes the key factors that contributed to the success of four high-performing hospitals across the country. Essential elements of a successful strategy, according to the study, include developing the right culture, attracting and retaining the right people, devising and updating the right in-house processes, and giving staff the right tools to do the job. External influences, such as local market competition and public or private health quality initiatives and standards, also have an impact. Through information gleaned from site visits and in-depth interviews with these high-performing hospitals, the study assesses quality drivers, internal processes, and challenges, and offers guidance and actions steps to help hospitals move in the right direction. Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. Additional copies or this (#761) and other Commonwealth Fund publications are available online at www.cwmf.org. To learn more about new Fund publications when they appear, visit the Fund’s website and register to receive e-mail alerts.

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The Constitution: Its Theory and Interpretation 3. The Monarchy 4. Cabinet Government 5. The House of Commons 6. The House of Lords 7. The Civil Service 8. Ministerial Responsibility 9. Government and the Judiciary 10. Administrative Law 11. Civil Liberties 12. The Electoral System 13. The Demise of Local Government 14. The Police 15. The United Kingdom as a Territorial State 16. Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire 17. Britain and Europe 18. Conclusion

Abstract: Editor’s Note: The following is the second instalment of ISP’s Policy Forum, and we hope for more instalments in future issues of the journal. This Policy Forum focuses on the apparent rise of commercial diplomacy in recent years. Though not a new phenomenon in global politics, each of the following articles highlights new aspects in this area of global interaction. Each article also brings with it a perspective based in experiences from a particular country’s interactions. We hope that this cross-national flavor will provide diverse insights into the issues surrounding commercial diplomacy and the policy implications those issues generate. Before moving on to the articles, the editors of ISP would like to thank Donna Lee, University of Birmingham, for her excellent work in soliciting these articles and coordinating their production for the editorial process. We sincerely appreciate her initiative and her work on the editors’ behalf. Mark A. Boyer For the Editors of ISP Since coming to power in 1997 the Labour government of the United Kingdom (U.K.) has renovated the diplomatic system so that the planning of commercial diplomacy has been centralized, the commercial activities of diplomats have been extended, and business interests have been formally integrated within the diplomatic systems. The changes to the institutions and practice of U.K. diplomacy now under way have created a diplomatic practice in which the balance between the commercial and political elements of commercial work has swung very much in favor of the former. In some Foreign and Commonwealth office (FCO) quarters these new practices are seen as an attack upon diplomacy; diplomats are thought to be reduced to “selling socks for Britain” and diplomacy is dubbed a “profession in peril.” Neither the changes to diplomacy nor the gloomy professional reaction to them is exceptional to the U.K. As this forum shows, …

Abstract: Preface Introduction: English republicanism Part I. Contexts: 1. Classical republicanism 2. The cause of God 3. Discourses of a commonwealth 4. Old worlds and new Part II. Analysis: 5. The political theory of rebellion 6. Constitutions 7. Liberty 8. Virtue 9. The politics of time 10. Empire Part III. Chronology: 11. Republicans and Levellers, 1603-49 12. The English republic, 1649-53 13. Healing and settling, 1653-8 14. The good old cause, 1658-60 15. Anatomies of tyranny, 1660-83 16. Republicans and Whigs, 1680-1725 Appendix: 'a pretty story of horses' (May 1654) Bibliography Index.

Abstract: So much has been made over the crisis in English literature as field, as corpus, and as canon in recent years, that some of it undoubtedly has spilled over into English education. This has been the case in predominantly English-speaking Anglo-American and Commonwealth nations, as well as in those postcolonial states where English remains the medium of instruction and lingua franca of economic and cultural elites. Yet to attribute the pressures for change in pedagogic practice to academic paradigm shift per se would prop up the shaky axiom that English education is forever caught in some kind of perverse evolutionary time-lag, parasitic of university literary studies. I, too, believe that English education has reached a crucial moment in its history, but that this moment is contingent upon the changing demographics, cultural knowledges, and practices of economic globalization.

Abstract: Apart from illustrating the way in which the Malaysian government appropriated the Commonwealth Games as a global media spectacle, both to gain international publicity and as an opportunity to celebrate its multicultural national identity and thus 'market' Malaysia as a model modern Muslim society, this article highlights two issues in particular. First, through strategic organisation, Malaysia succeeded in making the Commonwealth Games a much more attractive event, infusing the Games with the kind of prestige usually reserved for major, first order events. Second, Malaysia's underlying political crisis, triggered by the Asian crisis, became more salient precisely because of the media interest generated by the Games. That these events prompted a return to authoritarianism brings into question the expectation that major games create spaces for political liberalisation and reform.

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The Beginnings 3. A Benevolent Empire 4. The Windward Islands 5. Banana Wars in the Commonwealth 6. Judicial Review and Resolve to Reform 7. The European Community prior to 1993 8. The Market and the Major Players 9. Negotiating the New Regime 10. The First GATT Challenges, 1993-94 11. The Birth of the WTO: Compromise at Marrakesh 12. Chiquita and the US Campaign 13 .The First WTO Case 14. A Disputed Conformity 15. Spin and Reality 16. Seeking an Agreed Solution 17. Cotonou Complications 18. Winners and Losers 19. A Threatened Future 20. Prospects for Survival 21. Equitable Trading 22. Reflections on the WTO 23. Post Mortem Appendix: A Climate of Uncertainty

Abstract: (2004). The ‘Westminster Model’ Constitution Overseas: Transplantation, Adaptation and Development in Commonwealth States. Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 143-166.

Abstract: The historiography of English republicanism is dominated by the concept of classical republicanism. Its greatest shortcoming has been neglect of that subject's religious dimension. The consequent need is not simply to recover the radical protestant republican religious agenda. It is to explain why, when classical republicanism came to England, it did so in the moral service of a religious revolution. One context for the answer lay in Christian humanism. Another was the reformation, both magisterial and radical. Both informed the practical identity of the republican experiment as an attempted reformation of manners. So did the rational Greek moral philosophy, as indebted to Plato as to Aristotle, common to certain humanist and Christian political languages. In addition many of the themes of republican writing reflect the struggle by a traditional society to respond to unsettling forces, not only of political and religious, but also social and economic, change. Drawing upon all of these contexts, republican writers attempted to oppose not only private interest politics, embodied by monarchy or tyranny, on behalf of the public interested virtues of a self-governing civic community. This was part of a more general critique of private interest society; a republican attempt, from pride, greed, poverty, and inequality, to go beyond the word ‘commonwealth’ and reconstitute what Milton called ‘the solid thing’.

Abstract: This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968,no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth available from the Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Intellectual Property Branch, Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts,GPO Box 2154, Canberra ACT 2601 or posted at http://www.dcita.gov.au/cca .

Abstract: Not since Anthony Eden launched the Suez War in 1956 has Britain's foreign policy provoked such intense controversy. Every Government statement throughout the recent Iraq crisis has highlighted the strains of Prime Minister Tony Blair in taking a reluctant country into war. Walking a diplomatic tightrope, he has sought to balance his transatlantic loyalties as a steadfast ally of the United States with his electoral pledge of strengthening Britain's position "at the heart of Europe". Each decision was destined to have a serious impact not just in the Labour Party but among ordinary British voters prepared as never before to parade their views in the streets. The Prime Minister also had to recognise the momentous repercussions his decisions could have on the credibility of the UN, the unity of Europe, the effectiveness of NATO and the cohesion of the Commonwealth. How are these British foreign policy decisions taken? How do British diplomacy and decision-making actually work? For generations the Foreign Office operated as an elitist, secretive institution resisting intrusion and change. Now, with this book, the doors have been opened on the quiet revolution which has transformed the Foreign Office. John Dickie's penetrating journey through the corridors of power reveals for the first time how the new mandarins are tested, selected, trained and promoted in Britain's Diplomatic Service.

Abstract: * List of Tables and Figures * Abbreviations * Acknowledgements * About Drugscope * Preface * Notes on Contributors * PART 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT * Introduction - Axel Klein, Marcus Day, Anthony Harriott * 1: The Search for a New Drug Policy Framework: From the Barbados Plan of action to the Ganja Commission: - Axel Klein * PART 2: POLICY RESPONSES: ADAPTING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE REGION * 2: Criminalizing Cultural Practice: The Case of Ganja in Jamaica - Barry Chevannes * 3: Drugs Court in Jamaica: Means to an End or End in Itself? - Anthony Harriott and Marlyn Jones * 4: Drugs and the Prison System: Impact of Legislative Changes on the Prison Crises in the Commonwealth Caribbean Region - Wendy Singh * 5: Rethinking Privatisation: The State and Illegal Drugs in the Commonwealth Caribbean - Philip Nanton * PART 3: INTERVENTIONS ON THE GROUND: PUTTING DEMAND REDUCTION INTO PRACTICE * 6: Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation in Jamaica and the Caribean - Howard Gough * 7: What's the Hook? Diary of a Drop-in Centre or Rehabilitation Before Abstinence - Marcus Day * 8: Cayman Drug Council: Practising Harm Reduction in a Zero Tolerance Society - Catherine Chestnut * 9: Ethical Dilemmas Surrounding Drug Research: Pitfalls of Gathering Sensitive Information in the Caribbean Context - Jennifer Hillebrand * PART 4: RESPONSES TO OPPORTUNITY: ECONOMICS OF DRUGS * 10: Illicit Drug Markets in the Caribbean: Analysis of Information on Drug Flows Through the Region - Michael Platzer * 11: The Ganja Industry and Alternative Development in St Vincent and the Grenadines - Axel Klein * Index

Abstract: Secured Credit drives economic activity. Under English Law it is possible to create security over almost any asset, but the law is widely considered to be unsatisfactory for several reasons, including a cumbersome registration system, a preoccupation with formalistic distinctions and the lack of clear and rationally-determined priority rules. Gerard McCormack examines the current state of English law highlighting its weaknesses. He uses Article 9 of the American Uniform Commercial Code as a reference point: this Article has successfully serviced the world's largest economy for over 40 years and is increasingly used as the basis for legislation by Commonwealth jurisdictions including Canada and New Zealand. The Law Commission has suggested the enactment of similar legislation in England. In addition, McCormack considers if there really is a case for the priority of secured credit, as well as if there are other international models to draw upon. Contains the text of Article 9.

Abstract: Citizenship education has become the focus of renewed interest internationally as governments are struggling with issues of national identity in an era of globalisation where there is much ‘talk’ of threats to the legitimacy of nation states. Within this context, the Australian Commonwealth Government took another step in an accelerating trend of becoming involved in curriculum policy with the introduction of its citizenship education curriculum package, Discovering Democracy, in the late 1990s. Legally, education in Australia is a State government responsibility. However, over the last half century, the Commonwealth Government has increasingly set education agendas, justified in terms of'the national interest’ and has achieved them using financial levers which result from the vertical fiscal imbalance between the Commonwealth and the States. This article examines citizenship curriculum policy processes and practices associated with the enactment of the Commonwealth's Discovering Democracy curriculum pack...

Abstract: After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the commonwealth of independent states (CIS-7) faced exceptional challenges in building new states, democratic institutions, and market economies. All of the CIS-7 started from a situation of complex dependency on the Soviet Union, including massive transfers and subsidies and the trade arrangements of the council for mutual economic assistance (CMEA). Creating new states and achieving macroeconomic stabilization have been major successes of the reforms in the CIS-7, while building democratic societies, achieving fiscal and external adjustments, and implementing structural changes have proved to be more challenging. The international community provided substantial assistance to the CIS-7 during the l990s - assistance that helped keep living standards from falling catastrophically. This report presents a synthesis of the papers, presentations, and discussions at Lucerne and is organized around two key objectives of the conference. The first objective is to help bring about a common understanding among CIS-7 governments, civil society, and external partners about the transition experience of the 1990s and the key features of the CIS-7 that conditioned the transition process and can influence future progress. The second objective is to clarify common aspects of the agendas for growth and poverty reduction in the CIS-7, and areas in which the countries and their external partners can work together to achieve faster progress.

Abstract: The Lion and the Springbok: Britain and South Africa since the Boer War. By Ronald Hyam and Peter Henshaw. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xv, 379. $60.00. Ronald Hyam is emeritus reader in British imperial history, University of Cambridge. Peter Henshaw studied under Hyam at Cambridge and is now a research professor in history at the University of Western Ontario. They have both been actively involved in the massive British Documents at the End of Empire Project and have published widely on imperial and South African history. Much of the information presented here is not new, as many chapters were previously published in professional journals or books. Hyam and Henshaw have selected from their various writings, however, to provide a connected narrative and analysis of relations between Britain and South Africa from 1895 to 1961. Hyam and Henshaw's approach is limited in two ways not reflected in their title. First, the authors' data comes principally from British government archives and therefore mainly presents the British view of British-South African relations. This is a study of British imperial and Commonwealth history as much as of South African history. Second, by ending in 1961, when South Africa left the Commonwealth and became a republic, their study seems incomplete. In Chapter 12, the authors attempt to provide some South African perspective by using South African newspaper articles to show how South Africans viewed Britain from 1948 to 1961. They devote the last chapter to "British reactions to apartheid, 1948-1994," which is again based primarily on newspaper articles. They end with a short Epilogue that looks at events surrounding the collapse of apartheid and South Africa's return to the Commonwealth. Both the last two chapters and the Epilogue are interesting but none are of the same quality or depth as the rest of the book. Since the British first permanently occupied the Cape in the early 1800s relations between the two major white populations, British and Afrikaners, have been tenuous at best and deadly at their worse, as during the South African War. Indeed, during the first half of the twentieth century, when white South Africans spoke of "race relations," they were referring to relations between British and Afrikaners, rather than the more obvious black and white relations. And yet, white fear of the "swart gevaar" ("black peril") of black rule and the loss of white economic privilege in South Africa united both peoples and also significantly influenced relations between South Africa and Great Britain. Hyam and Henshaw begin their work with a historiographical essay, however, that challenges the view that economic interests alone shaped British imperial policy toward South Africa, as has been the position of revisionist historians, particularly Marxists, since the 1960s. …

Abstract: In December 1998, the Howard Government released Australia’s Oceans Policy, a major initiative focused at providing a framework for implementing integrated ecosystem based management of Australia’s vast marine domain This thesis utilises a policy community approach to review the processes and institutions that led to the development of Australia’s Oceans Policy It argues that despite significant policy change affected by both external and domestic policy drivers, a key element in shaping responses to the policy has been stability within the policy community shaped paradoxically by ‘offshore federalism’ that has made it difficult to implement a fully integrated oceans policy Analysis of the development and implementation of the Australia’s Oceans Policy indicates that change to ocean related policies embodied in the policy framework have been driven by several interrelated factors These include debates over appropriate management of resources within and between sectoral groups; coordination of marine resource management between state and Commonwealth governments; and Commonwealth commitments to international instruments New institutional arrangements established by Australia’s Oceans Policy such as the National Oceans Office, National Oceans Ministerial Board, National Oceans Advisory Group and Regional Marine Plan Steering Committees, reflect a commitment towards integrated ocean management but at the same time confront the legal and jurisdictional framework established following a quarter century of ‘offshore federalism’