Abstract: JANOTTI, the most excellent describer of the Commonwealth of Venice, divides the whole series of government into two times or periods: the one ending with the liberty of Rome, which was the course or empire, as I may call it, of ancient prudence, first discovered to mankind by God himself in the fabric of the commonwealth of Israel, and afterward picked out of his footsteps in nature, and unanimously followed by the Greeks and Romans; the other beginning with the arms of Caesar, which, extinguishing liberty, were the transition of ancient into modern prudence, introduced by those inundations of Huns, Goths, Vandals, Lombards, Saxons, which, breaking the Roman Empire, deformed the whole face of the world with those ill-features of government, which at this time are become far worse in these western parts, except Venice, which, escaping the hands of the barbarians by virtue of its impregnable situation, has had its eye fixed upon ancient prudence, and is attained to a perfection even beyond the copy.

Abstract: Options: land policy - a framework for analysis and action the urban land question law and urban development - impediments to reform only the name of the country changes - the diaspora of "European" land law in Commonwealth Africa the best laid schemes o' mice an men - reflections on the diaspora of English planning law in Africa and Asia bringing the law back in urban law in Africa and the habitat agenda. Operations: the role of law in urban planning and land development planning law in the Commonwealth Caribbean a legal framework for planning and development control - alternative methods for the madras Metropolitan area land tenure, the urban poor and the law in Bangladesh - implementing the habitat agenda making law work - restructuring land relations in Africa as good as it gets - politics and markets in the reform of Uganda's land law land in the city - the role of law in reforming urban land markets.

Abstract: In January 1927, to encourage British consumers to ‘Buy Empire goods from home and overseas’, the Empire Marketing Board (EMB) displayed on public billboards a map of the world. The British Isles were placed at the centre, in a distinctive design shaped like a half-moon. Vividly depicted in the same strong red on the surrounding satellite continents were the territories of the British Empire and unmistakably the encircling colonies of white settlement, Canada at the top and to the left, southern and eastern Africa to the bottom, Australia and New Zealand to the right. The design was much reproduced in various sizes, ranging from the huge (20 feet by 10 feet) to the modest (30 inches by 20 inches), the latter for educational use in schools. Maps represent perceptions of space. Political maps like this one announce belonging. This was indeed a vision of Greater Britain, in which the ties between mother country and daughter Dominions were demographic and cultural, as well as economic and constitutional. One contemporary commentator reckoned that EMB propaganda would be an inducement to emigrate. Noticeably, though with rather more sophistication, historians of the ‘British world’ are now again emphasising the Britishness of this Greater Britain, even in the self-governing Dominions, and the lingering appeal of empire culturally as well as politically until late in the twentieth century. Their work contrasts with the writings of earlier historians of Canada, Australia and New Zealand who had opted to emphasise the historical roots of distinctive nation states. The implication of this reinterpretation for our understanding of empire migration has prompted this essay.

Abstract: In the United Kingdom, immigration control in the 1990s shifted its focus from restricted entry for immigrants from New Commonwealth countries to limiting asylum-seeking from all over the world. The rationales driving organisational change in the Home Office Immigration and Nationality Directorate were ‘good race relations’ and the New Labour government's programme for modernising the public services. However, during the period of the research, a new approach to migration management, focused on international labour flows under conditions of globalisation, increasingly influenced policy changes. This article therefore provides a study of a system in transition. We present qualitative evidence of the impact of this shift on organisational cultures, practices and identities of the staff in two different services charged with tasks of management, control and enforcement. At the cutting edge of new thinking and practice was Work Permits (UK), a small, dynamic agency that served as a model for New Labour's prin...

Abstract: Introduction - the Editors. Southern Africa's Security Challenges. Economic and Military Security - M. Baregu. Redefining Security - A. Zacarias. The Quest for Good Governance - T. Nkiwane. The Politics of Land Reform - S. Moyo and P. Matondi. Land Reform: The South African Case - G. Williams and R. Hall. AIDS as a New Security Threat - J. Ala. National And Regional Actors. Civil Society in Southern Africa - P. Molutsi. South Africa and Nigeria as Regional Hegemons - A. Adebajo and C. Landsberg. The Organization of African Unity - M. Mwanasali. Extraregional Actors. The United Nations - I. Gambari. The United States - J. Frazer. The European Union - T. Bertelsmann-Scott. The Commonwealth - K. Whiteman. Conclusion - the Editors.

Abstract: (2003). Mapping the British world. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 1-15.

Abstract: 1. Legal Failure: Law and Social Norms in Post-Communist Europe 2. The Illegitimacy of Law in Post-Soviet Societies 3. Jus and Lex in Russian Law: a Discussion Agenda 4. Culture, Politics, and the Rule of Law in the Commonwealth of Independent States 5. Russian Attitudes Toward The Rule of Law: An Analysis of Survey Data 6. The Regulation of the Employment Relationship in Russia: the Soviet Legacy 7. Legislating on Religion in the Face of Uncertainty 8. Hope and Bitterness in the Reform of Russian Bankruptcy Law 9. Transplantation and Transition: Legality and Legitimacy in the Kazakhstani Legislative Process 10. East Asian Regulatory Informalism: Implications for Post-Communist Countries

Abstract: Frontispiece List of illustrations List of tables Preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. The uneasy special relationship: dynamics and divergencies 2. Breakdown: into war, 1895-9 3. Post-war: the myth of magnanimity, 1905-7 4. African interests and the South Africa Act, 1908-10 5. 'Greater South Africa': the struggle for the High Commission Territories, 1910-61 6. The economic dimension: South Africa and the sterling area, 1931-61 7. Britain, the United Nations and the 'South African disputes', 1946-61 8. The political consequences of Seretse Khama and Ruth, 1948-52 9. Containing Afrikanerdom: the geopolitical origins of the Central African Federation, 1948-53 10. Strategy and the transfer of Simon's Town, 1948-57 11. The parting of the ways: the departure of South Africa from the Commonwealth, 1951-61 12. Enfeebled lion? How South Africans viewed Britain, 1945-61 13. Springbok reviled: some British reactions to apartheid, 1948-94 Epilogue: the relationship restored: the return of the new South Africa to the Commonwealth, 1994 Select bibliography Index.

Abstract: This paper analyzes developments in the structure of trade in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) during the transition decade, and finds that it changed less than in other transition economies. Trade openness of the CIS increased between 1993 and 1997, but has fallen to a lower-level plateau since then owing to regional and country-specific factors. These include slower progress in transition, geographic aspects, restrictions on trade, governance and corruption problems, weak infrastructure, lack of regional cooperation, and political conflicts. Regression results show that trade openness of the CIS countries would likely increase substantially if market-oriented reforms were pursued more vigorously.

Abstract: (2003). The Welsh world and the British empire, c.1851–1939: An exploration. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 57-81.

Abstract: Public Accounts Committees (PACs) are ubiquitous features of the legislative landscape in the Commonwealth. Based on a broad comparative overview and specific examples, this article looks at the role of PACs in financial scrutiny. It unpacks the concept of financial scrutiny, identifies key principles and procedural features that these committees share, and surveys some of the challenges they frequently encounter. The article concludes that PACs have an important and well-established role to play in ensuring sound public spending. However, they need to find innovative responses to several key challenges in order to safeguard and maximise their contribution to financial scrutiny.

Abstract: Traditional leadership is a factor that has long been overlooked in evaluations of rural local government in much of contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa Grassroots Governance?, an interdisciplinary and intercontinental collection, addresses this gap in African scholarship and brings new perspectives on the integration, or reconciliation, of traditional leadership with democratic systems of local government Articles from the fields of political science, law, postcolonial studies, anthropology, cultural studies, and policy and administrative studies establish a baseline for best practice in Africa and the Afro-Caribbean while taking into account the importance of traditional leadership to the culture of local governance Case studies are drawn from Ghana, South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, and Commonwealth countries in West, East, and Southern Africa, as well as Jamaica With Contributions By: BB Biyela Charles Crothers Lungisile Ntsebeza Christiane Owusu-Sarbong Donald I Ray PS Reddy Keshav C Sharma Robert Thorton Carl Wright Werner Zips

Abstract: This paper investigates the ability of the Commonwealth Games, held in Manchester in 2002, to influence social renewal, particularly in the fields of education and those skills leading to future employability, in a deprived locality. It seeks to discover the success to date of two programmes in terms of their attempts to alleviate social exclusion in East Manchester through both the examination of the partnerships involved and consultation with those involved.

Abstract: Almost every leading work on the law of confidence mentions the possibility of a declaration of a constructive trust as a remedy for a claim involving an abuse of confidence. Apart from the Canadian Supreme Court, no other appellate court in the Commonwealth has seriously debated this issue. This paper investigates the legitimacy of the use of the constructive trust in this context.

Abstract: Most housing policies directly or indirectly impact on the price that households pay for housing. This research has the aim of constructing a microsimulation model that is capable of measuring the impact of Commonwealth and State government housing programs on the prices that households pay for housing, and the subsidies they receive.

Abstract: The release of CLERP 9 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2002) requires the Financial Reporting Council and the Australian Accounting Standards Board to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS) en bloc as domestic reporting standards by 1 January 2005. This article considers the current and future role and direction of the conceptual framework (CF) under the CLERP proposals and a potential IAS reporting environment after January 2005. It is argued that Australia, which has been a major innovator on CF issues, may suffer a major setback if the International Accounting Standards Board's CF is adopted in January 2005. Furthermore, while the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has been aggressively pursuing a set of global accounting standards, it remains unclear whether the IASB will, or can, develop an internationally relevant and generally accepted CF which can guide the development of a globally compatible set of accounting standards.

Abstract: This publication investigates Russian military presence in its former Soviet territory, to determine whether these forces have been genuinely peacekeeping, or are in fact a post to imperial presence that seeks to maintain former strategic interests. The book includes first hand accounts of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) peacekeeping efforts in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Moldova, and Tajikistan. Their efforts are assessed, as are those of Russian peacekeepers and NATO forces. The situation in Chechnya is also examined, and an overall conclusion on the role of Russian peacekeepers is presented.

Abstract: (2003). The crown, empire loyalism and the assimilation of non-British white subjects in the British world: An argument against ‘ethnic determinism’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 96-120.

Abstract: The Commonwealth Governmentshould move to the funding of undergraduate coursesfor Australian students through the studentsrather than by way of direct grants toinstitutions. An independent coordinating bodyshould be re-established to report on thehigher education sector, advise theCommonwealth and administer Commonwealth highereducation programs. Public funding ofundergraduate education and research trainingshould be decentralised through a system ofscholarships. Undergraduate scholarship holdersshould pay charges determined by universitiesunder HECS (Higher Education ContributionScheme) arrangements. HECS arrangements alsoshould apply to full fee paying undergraduatesand PELS (Postgraduate Education Loan Scheme)arrangements to full fee paying researchstudents. Institutional research fundingshould be on a disciplinary basis, takingaccount of the volume and quality ofoutputs.

Abstract: The history and development of the definition of sexual harassment in the 'Sex Discrimination Act (SDA) 1984' are discussed. The central concerns of the many critiques that are made of the definition, particularly those raised by feminist commentators are outlined with a brief consideration of the social and legal context for the enactment of the sexual harassment provisions in the SDA.

Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. Coup-Proofing Democracies: The Need for a Proactive Approach The Role of Law in Eradicating the Culture of Coups The Implicit Bargain Theory The Emergence of 'Dodgy' Jurisprudence The Road Map of the Jurisprudence on Coups The Emergence of the New Jurisprudence The Need to Refine the Emerging Jurisprudence The Problem With Collective Action Background to the Fijian Cases Part II. Constitutional and Other Measures that Directly or Indirectly Address the Problem of Unconstitutional Changes of Government Fundamental Principles Part III. Commonwealth Responses The Impact of the Harare and Millbrook Declarations Harare Commonwealth Declaration 1991 The Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme on the Harare Declaration The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group on the Harare Declaration (CMAG) The Future of CMAG 'Realising Millbrook' Report by the Commonwealth High Level Review Group to Commonwealth Heads of Government, Coolum, Australia Coolum Communique 2002 Dealing With Other Serious Violations The Case of Zimbabwe Marlborough House Statement on Zimbabwe Conflict and Resolution: The Role of the Commonwealth Secretary-General Report of the High Level Review Group Overview

Abstract: Nicholas, Sian, '“Brushing up your Empire”: Dominions and colonial propaganda on the BBC's home services, 1939-45', Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (2003) 31(2) pp.207-230 RAE2008

Abstract: In view of the emphasis placed on higher education in science and technology in the Commonwealth Caribbean Community, the present study estimates private and social rates of return for university science and technology graduates in Trinidad and Tobago. Comparisons are made with other fields of study. It is concluded that rates of return are inconsistent with the allocative preferences of policy-makers.

Abstract: There is a rich history of case law within the Commonwealth where there have been legal challenges to the unconstitutional overthrow of Governments. These cases and a commentary on them are set out in this publication. It critically examines the evolution of judicial decisions on the subject. In doing so, it also evaluates jurisprudential theories underpinning these judgements. The position of the Commonwealth, especially since its strong stance against the unconstitutional overthrow of Governments, is set out. Consideration is given to possible constitutional provision which would reinforce democracy and offer protection to citizens against the unconstitutional overthrow of Governments.