Abstract: [1] Note: This paper was first delivered at the 8th Commonwealth Conference in Sri Lanka in August 1980. It focuses on the role of primary and secondary education in human resource development. But such a role will obviously be influenced by many factors such as the level of economic development of a country, the importance of high level technology in its economy and the social and economic problems which it faces. Therefore any suggested reform made in this paper cannot apply indiscriminately to all Commonwealth countries irrespective of their economic and social realities.

Abstract: Tyranny is a recurrent preoccupation in the life and thought of Thomas More. It is among the first of the subjects which he takes for his own in his earliest examination of Greek prose. It is the theme of a significant number of his Latin poems. It provides the matter of his Richard III and the anti-matter of Utopia: it is among the evils which his imaginary commonwealth is designed to annihilate. ‘He always’, wrote Erasmus, ‘had a special loathing of tyranny.’

Abstract: (1981). Pressure groups, bureaucracy, and the decision‐making process: The case of slavery abolition and colonial expansion in the gold coast, 1874. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 193-215.

Abstract: During the last decade dependency theory has emerged as an important, if highly controversial, perspective on contemporary North-South relations. This paper assesses the utility of dependency approaches by examining one concrete North-South relationship over an extended period, that between Commonwealth cane sugar producers and Great Britain. After detailing the origins of the colonial sugar trade and the later impact of British free trade policies, the article follows the evolution of British-Commonwealth sugar relations from the enactment of the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement in 1951 to the signing in 1975 of the Lome Convention's Sugar Protocol governing sugar imports into the enlarged Community. Two conclusions are drawn from this historical case study regarding the usefulness of dependency theory. First, dependency theorists exaggerate the cohesiveness of the posture of developed market economy countries toward the Third World. Second, dependency theory has too often neglected the need to explore realistic alternatives to dependency available to underdeveloped countries.

Abstract: (1981). Governors, nationalists, and constitutions in Nigeria, 1935–51. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 289-307.

Abstract: (1981). The Nigerian elections of 1979: The voting decision. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 276-298.

Abstract: T HE Irish government's repeal of the External Relations Act of 1936 and the description of the state as the Republic of Ireland, thus breaking the last link with the British Commonwealth, came as no surprise to His Majesty's Government. As early as January 1948, the month before Eamon de Valera's Fianna Fail party lost office for the first time in sixteen years, Lord Rugby (formerly Sir John Maffey), the shrewd and perceptive United Kingdom Representative in Dublin since the outbreak of war in 1939, told Whitehall that it was:

Abstract: Introduction In recent months the Commonwealth Government has announced two sets of important and farreaching decisions with regard to its future policies on education. These decisions include sudden, fundamental and, in some cases, quite unexpected changes in direction. They also appear to signal possible shifts in future Commonwealth-State roles and relations on education. First, on 30 April 1981 the Prime Minister announced to the Federal Parliament his Government's decisions with regard to the Review of Commonwealth Functions. This Review was carried out immediately after the 1980 general elections by a committee of senior Ministers -the so called 'Razor Gang' -chaired by the MinisterofCommerce and Deputy Leader of the Parliamentary Uberal Party, Sir Phillip Lynch. The Government's decisions on the Review affect a wide range of government policy areas (in fact, all portfolios) including education. Second, on 4 June 1981 the Minister for Education made a detailed statement to the Parliament on Commonwealth education policy and announced the Government's decisions on financial guidelines to the Tertiary Education Commission and the Schools Commission for the calendar year 1982 and for the triennium 1982-84.

Abstract: (1981). Zimbabwe 1980: Politicisation through armed struggle and electoral mobilisation. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 63-94.

Abstract: The investigation of the history of the Jews in the Polish Commonwealth requires not only research on specific topics but broader reflection as well. The special place and role of the Jews in Polish society and the distinguishing characteristics of the Jewish experience in Poland need to be rescued from unwarranted generalizations which may result in misrepresentation.' On the broadest level, this essay is an initial step in the direction of the development of a conceptual framework for the study of this subject. The particular concern will be to compare some aspects of the experience of the Jews with that of some of the other non-Polish nonautochthonous groups in Poland from around 1500 to the beginning of the eighteenth century. A framework for discussion is provided by the largely sociological litera-

Abstract: (1981). Mountbatten, India, and the Commonwealth. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 5-43.

Abstract: (1981). India: A study in the pathology of a federal system. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 257-275.

Abstract: (1981). Democracy and socialism in Jamaica, 1962–1979. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 115-133.

Abstract: This paper presents an initial summary of mortality from malignant disease [in the English-speaking West Indies]. Data are from health department records in each of the 10 island territories of the English-speaking Caribbean. (EXCERPT)

Abstract: From the beginning of settlement until quite recently Australia was thought of as one of the main countries where families from the overcrowded British Isles could find room to make new homes and develop a new British society. Indeed, it could be argued that with the American colonies achieving independence, Canada treating the French culture and people as equal with the English, South Africa becoming increasingly Afrikaner, the East African highlands becoming more and more African and New Zealand being limited in size, Australia has for long been the major British ethnic home overseas. Certainly up to the Second World War some 90 per cent of the population was of British ethnic descent; in 1947 they numbered about 6.8 millions in a total population of 7.6 million. It is sometimes forgotten, though, that British families do not always migrate directly from the United Kingdom to Australia: an appreciable number come after some years, or even generations, in other British countries, notably New Zealand. Moreover, particularly in recent years, Australia has received numerous settlers of non-British ethnic descent from other parts of the Commonwealth, notably Malta, Mauritius, India and Malaysia. Contrariwise, many British settlers with their Australian-born children, as well as numerous persons of Australian parentage, have left Australia to settle permanently in other parts of the Commonwealth. In short, though not so important as the United Kingdom, Australia has become, as both importer and exporter, an increasingly significant centre of Commonwealth migration.

Abstract: T O determine the authorship of a Puritan writing and the circumstances of its composition is, in some instances, to perform a merely antiquarian task. In other cases, however, the findings can give important added meaning to what, at first reading, may appear to be mere conventional statement. New findings can, for example, illuminate with an unexpected particularity tensions within an evolving Puritan order such as are recorded in A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation Whose Design Is Religion. "Written many years since," according to its title page, the pamphlet-length Discourse issued from the press at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1663. By that time its reasoning was as archaic as the abortive project it was intended to guide: a full-blown Puritan theocracy, to be formed within the territory of New Netherlands by men from New Haven colony disgruntled at their chartered absorption by Connecticut.1 But at the date of the Discourse's composition-fixed at 1638 or 1639 in this account-the position expounded in it was publicly championed by a majority of Puritans, as evidenced by laws of a numerically dominant Massachusetts. The author of the Discourse, concerned that church and commonwealth not be confounded, insisted, nevertheless, on their close coordination in the New England setting. "Free burgesses"-the sharers of civil authority, whether in a town or a colony-atlarge-must be drawn exclusively from the ranks of church members. This thesis the author advanced in elaborate fashion within the traditional forms: separation of the question from

Abstract: Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981.

Abstract: (1981). Early Commonwealth action against shipping conferences: The case of South Africa. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 308-317.

Abstract: tators, chastened by the play's satire, to translate the fantastic commonwealth of Gargaphie into a real commitment to the virtues embodied by Cynthia, Arete and Crites. The poet's place in this is clear: he stands at the side of the monarch, and his work both articulates the values of the commonwealth and defends it against its enemies. Whatever one thinks about Jonson's personal investment in Crites and the implications for a young playwright seeking royal patronage, Cynthia's Revels is unquestionably a grand statement of what Jonson imagined as the role of the theater in civilized society. Volpone is vastly different. There we marvel at creatures whose use of theater is entirely self-serving, who enthrall their audiences only to rob and vex them. In the epistle dedicating the play to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Jonson echoes Crites as he preaches the "impossibility of any mans being the good poet, without first being a good man" and the need to "inform men, in the best reason of liuing," but the play itself is ambivalent about such ideals. Our fascination with Mosca and Volpone and our sense that their creator must have known this fascination himself suggest that theater which seeks to affirm the value of a commonwealth based on majesty, virtue and learning was for Jonson an increasingly problematic venture. Sejanus is an important document in this phase of Jonson's development. It explains a great deal about his psychological investment in his work and about how that investment produced a tumultuous relation between stage and gallery in the playhouse. At

Abstract: (1981). On domesticating transnational corporations: South Africa and the automotive industry. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 157-173.

Abstract: The office of Ombudsman has in its travels around the world reached the Commonwealth Caribbean, and indeed Guyana was the first nation in the Western Hemisphere to establish the office.' The legislative provisions for the office in four territories, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica and Jamaica will be considered. The background to the creation of the office in Guyana is worthy of some detailed mention, as it differs somewhat from that of the other territories, where the eventual creation of the office might cynically be attributed to the tendency in this region to follow even in the matter of institutions trends and fashions current outside the region. In 1965, a year after "racial violence" in Guyana, the government of British Guiana (as it then was) invited the International Commission of Jurists, to send a Commission of Enquiry to the country to investigate and make recommendations on the matter of "racial problems in the public service." Having considered the part played by "race" in the public service, and not being able to separate this matter from its consequences byond and outside the public service.I and indeed from the matter of race in the community at large, the Commission recommended amongst other things the establishment of the office of Ombudsman. Appended to its report was an extract from a paper by Professor S.A. deSmith on the establishment of an Ombudsman for Mauritius. That island was seen to have racial problems similar to those of British Guiana. The following extract from Professor deSmith's report is illuminating as to the genesis of a particular feature'' of the Ombudsman in Guyana who, while not generally having power to investigate the substantive merits of administrative action can do so in the case of discriminatory action based on race, national origin, religion, colour, creed and political opinion. The learned professor wrote:

Abstract: The phenomena to be discussed below are two. First, the existence and extent of cultural lag within the scientific community. Second, the denial of this fact by the scientific establishment. The theoretical proposal that will be made below is to replace Kuhn’s idea of distinguishing the scientific from the non-scientific fields of inquiry. He uses the qualitative distinctions between those which have a paradigm and those that do not. It is preferable to use a more, quantitative idea: of two fields of inquiry, that one is more progressive which has a smaller mean time lag between the appearance of an innovation and its public recognition. The proposal that will be made is of some institutional reforms within the commonwealth of learning, particularly such as to reduce the incentives for the Salieri effect and increase the incentive for talent scouting.

Abstract: (1981). Far‐flung empire: A neglected imperial outpost at Botany Bay 1788–1801. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 125-145.

Abstract: This thesis studies the modes of collaboration between the members of the British Commonwealth in foreign affairs, with particular emphasis on the United Kingdom's methods of keeping the other members informed and ascertaining their views. It is not an attempt at a comprehensive survey of the foreign relations of the U. K. or the individual Dominions, but is designed as a study of the attitudes towards collaboration over the span of nearly a decade, using specific examples of successful or deficient collaboration to illustrate the policy of the U. K. and its response to the attitudes of its partners. The first chapter takes the form of a survey of Commonwealth relations in the late 1930s. The second chapter considers Commonwealth collaboration during the first five years of the war, with special attention to two aspects; the transmission of information to the Dominions and their participation in the higher direction of the war. The next chapter, concentrates on the U. K.'s plans for the post-war period, specifically the representation of the association internationally and the F. O.'s consideration of methods by which the U. K. could increase contacts between the member countries. In the fourth chapter attention is given to the policies of the Dominion Governments and their plans for the Commonwealth after the war, both in terms of the international position of the Commonwealth and their individual association with it. Chapter five studies the only war-time Prime Ministers' Meeting, in 1944, at which the member states discussed the establishment of the proposed world organisation and the Commonwealth's association with it, and measures to improve collaboraton within the Commonwealth. Chapter six considers the degree of harmony in the policies of the member countries on some important aspects of international policy, such as the, Great Power veto or the position of 'middle' ranking states within the U. N. The dual role of the U.K. as a member of the Commonwealth and of the Great Power elite is also studied with a view to assessing the compatibility of these two. The next chapter considers the U. K. 's attempts to promote close collaboration at the various international conferences between 1944 and 1946 and the efforts made to produce a bonsensus on policy. The 1945 San Francisco Conference is looked at in particular detail to demonstrate the contact which took place between Commonwealth Ministers and officials. In chapter eight three examples of collaboration on aspects of U. K. policy - the-1946 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and the re-negotiation of the treaties with France and the U. S. S. R. in the same year - are studied as examples of problems which remained in Commonwealth collaboration in the, post=war. The latter two illustrate the importance of the U. K. 's attitude with regard to transmitting information in advance of policy decisions, and the difficulties entailed by the divergence in Dominion attitudes. Consideration is also given to the role of the Dominion High Commissioners in London, in terms of the information provided for them and their status within the diplomatic community. Finally, chapter nine looks ahead to the expansion of the Commonwealth and the key position of India. This does not involve a study of Anglo-Indian relations, or the U. K. 's policy in granting, India independence. It considers three issues raised by the independence of India and the question of its future association with the Commonwealth: first, the effect on the U. K. 's policy of transmitting information to fellow members; secondly, the stimulus which India's new status provided for the r. 0. to reconsider its position in relation to Commonwealth liaison; thirdly, the discussions which were prompted about the fundamental basis of the Commonwealth relationship and the feasibility of permitting a republican state to be a member.