Abstract: Married women pose an acute, but now unacknowledged, problem for liberal theory. The character and magnitude of the problem can only be fully understood if the development of liberal theory is exam...

Abstract: (1979). European orphans and vagrants in India in the Nineteenth century. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 104-127.

Abstract: This book examines and accounts for the emergence of a powerful Habsburg state in central Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charting the transformation of the Habsburg lands from a casual juxtaposition of territories into a major and reasonably stable commonwealth, Evans examines the social and economic changes brought about by the Counter-Reformation, the interaction between regions and central government, and the intellectual evolution from the Renaissance to the Baroque.

Abstract: (1979). Regional integration and development in Africa: Lessons from the east African community. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 227-246.

Abstract: Britain maintained small colonial armed forces in the African territories for internal security and local defence. In four periods of international crisis, when the British Empire was faced with a shortage of military manpower, it was proposed that African troops be used in imperial roles outside Africa. These proposals were closely related to the increasing opposition by India to the Indian Army being used for imperial defence in Asia and the Middle East. During 1916–18 a parliamentary and press lobby in Britain clamoured for a ‘million black army’. In the years 1919–21 the War Office attempted to raise an African army for use in the Middle East. On both occasions the Colonial Office vigorously opposed these schemes and the crises were resolved without using African troops. The emergencies of 1939–42 changed Colonial Office policy. African troops were used in the East African campaign against the Italians, as labour units in the Middle East, and then, after 1943, as combatants in Asia where they fought as complete formations within the Commonwealth forces. At the end of the Second World War the Colonial Office wished to maintain a sizeable African army at Imperial expense. However, post-war defence cuts reduced the African armed forces although a small parliamentary and service lobby unsuccessfully urged that an African Army be created as an imperial instrument, and to take the place of the Indian Army.

Abstract: (1979). The moral disarmament of African empire 1919–1947. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 8, The First British Commonwealth, pp. 86-104.

Abstract: The historical development of Australian wage policy from the turn of the century to the 1950s is traced, with the focus on the growth of institutions and procedures for wage fixation. While state and federal bodies are covered, special attention is given to the constitution of the Commonwealth Court (as it then was) and the varying wage decisions it made. The concept of "flow-on" did not achieve its modern meaning or ease of application till 1941: this sup ports the contention that the techniques of wage determination develop slowly. Many legislative proposals for change have been made but very few have been put into practice; an analysis of the successes and failures reveals the evolving relationship between the government and the arbitration system. The conclusion is that the pursuit of industrial peace through consistency and system is favour able to the development of a wage policy.

Abstract: (1979). South Africa and World War I. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 8, The First British Commonwealth, pp. 68-85.

Abstract: (1979). The failure of political integration in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 21-46.

Abstract: The end of almost fourteen years of military government, with the restoration of civilian rule in Nigeria on 1st October, 1979, would inevitably have been a landmark of great significance for Africa and the Commonwealth. What has given it quite exceptional importance is the fact that Nigeria, turning its back on Westminster, has chosen to adopt a new constitutional structure which can aptly be regarded as a version of “the Washington model”. This appears as a striking and innovative departure among Commonwealth constitutions which, despite the proliferation of republican systems, including executive presidencies and, in Africa, the spread of one-party models, generally preserve—in theory at least—certain basic features of “the Westminster model”: hence the preference for a parliamentary executive, in many states combined with presidential rule, however unrealistic in practice the notion of ministerial responsibility to parliament may have become. The new Nigerian Constitution has no place for such terms as “parliament”, “cabinet” or “prime minister”, yet the transition from the Westminster to a Washington model is a logical, predictable one likely to prompt imitation elsewhere: indeed, the new Constitution of Ghana, where military government also came to an end in 1979, has taken the same path.

Abstract: THREE REPORTS ON THE elections held in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia in April 1979 have been published in Britain, the Boyd Report, prepared by a team of observers sent out by the Conservative Party; an account of the elections by the Rhodesian constitutional lawyer, Dr Claire Palley; and a report prepared by Lord Chitnis.' Since April, events in southern Africa have been moving fast, and the internal settlement elections are already looking less and less important, in the light of the Zimbabwe-Rhodesia plan agreed at the Lusaka Commonwealth Conference, and subsequent developments. But although the controversy about whether the April elections were free and fair has been moved from centre stage, it still retains consirdeable importance. This is because people in Britain who still support the internal settlement maintain that those who voted in April were voting not just for Bishop Muzorewa, but were also giving their support to the constitution under which the elections were held. The controversy over the elections is also important because of the prominence given to these by the Conservative Party during Britain's own election campaign. Although Conservative policy has been significantly modified since Mrs Thatcher came to power, the Conservative manifesto issued in April promised that any Conservative government would return Rhodesia to a state of legality, provided the six principles set down by earlier British governments had been fully satisfied. The key principle was the fifth, that any settlement must be acceptable to the p'ople of Rhodesia as a whole. Nine days before Rhodesians voted, Mr Francis Pym, then shadow Foriegn Secretary, suggested to party workers in Cambridge that a new Conservative government would recognize the internal settlement, provided the elections were free and fair. Commonwealth and American reaction to this statement forced the Conservative leadership, which came to power after the 3 May election victory, to backpedal. Although Mrs Thatcher had sent Lord Boyd and four colleagues to observe Rhodesia's elections, the Boyd Report was not published. Lord Carrington, in his first major speech in the House of Lords as Foreign Secretary on 22 May,

Abstract: In just three years following the election of the Liberal-National Country Party Coalition Government, Australian industrial law underwent considerable transformation, including extensive amendments to the Conciliation and Arbi tration Act and further legislative changes introduced by commonwealth and state parliaments. These developments marked a shift towards the principle of industrial enforcement. In the 1960s and early 1970s a pattern of industrial relations developed which tended to play down the centralising role of the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission.1Those developments have to some extent been legislatively repudiated, though how far this will effect the long term evolution of industrial relations remains to be seen. The purpose of this article is to provide an outline of recent changes in labour law and to make some comment on their likely impact upon industrial relations. The analysis concentrates on the amendments made to the Conciliation and Arbitration Act in the two key Bills of 197...

Abstract: (1979). Teachers in politics in ex‐colonial countries. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 176-191.

Abstract: Originally prepared for the 5th Commonwealth Law Ministers meeting in 1977 this survey was subsequently updated and contains information that was available up to the end of April 1978. Chapters cover legal indications provisions for implementation national assessments and proposals for change and commentary on scope conditions for abortion the control of choice medical practice legislation and tables are provided on legal indications provisions for implementation in law and practice and national assessment and proposed changes. Appendices cover division of jurisdictions with basic developed and advanced laws sample bill and commentary and sample physicians checklist for abortion applications. The bibliography covers commonwealth judicial decisions additional judicial decisions Commonwealth Government reports commentary on Commonwealth abortion law in Africa Asia and Oceania Europe and the Western Hemisphere general references on abortion law and on abortion abortion in adolescence and general references.

Abstract: IN 1966, evidence indicated that abortion was the single most widely used method of birth control in the world. The effect of prohibitive laws was to direct those seeking abortion procedures to illegal practitioners, at a high cost in maternal mortality and morbidity increasingly borne by publicly funded health and family welfare services. The last decade has seen a world-wide movement towards liberalisation of abortion laws, amounting in several jurisdictions to de facto and even dejure decriminalisation. The trend has been reflected in the Commonwealth.* While in West Europe, Scandinavia and East Europe reform in one jurisdiction has closely affected contiguous jurisdictions, early Commonwealth development has conformed to the logic of history rather than of geography.

Abstract: (1979). Mass Urban protests as indicators of political change in Pakistan. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 111-135.

Abstract: T HE Commonwealth has now had its own Secretariat and SecretaryGeneral for more than a decade and the time seems opportune to make a study of the role played by the Secretary-General within the association and the leadership which he can exercise. It has been my contention that the Commonwealth, despite its unique history, is now an international organisation which can usefully be compared with others in respect of structure, norms and functions. 1 In assessing the Commonwealth SecretaryGeneralship, one would expect to encounter features peculiar to the Commonwealth, but even if the differences between the Commonwealth and other bodies were more striking than those which undoubtedly exist, it would still seem useful to review them, together with the similarities, in a general framework. Wherever possible, too, it seems desirable to build on existing theoretical work while developing new material and new insights, and in this paper I have used the four-part framework developed by David Meyers in his study of the Secretary-General of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) 2 which, in turn, drew on earlier work by well-known scholars in the field.3 This framework offers four perspectives: 1. Legal-institutional aspects of the office. 2. Resources available to the office-holder. 3. Idiosyncratic factors pertaining to the incumbent. 4. Systemic factors confronting the organisation and its head. Two points should be made before proceeding. First, there has been much debate over the weight to be ascribed to different factors in assessing the

Abstract: This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Clark, Ann B., "Thought, word and deed in the mid-Tudor Commonwealth : Sir Thomas Smith and Sir William Cecil in the reign of Edward VI" (1979). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2776.

Abstract: General Oliver Cromwell returned from Ireland in May 1650 at the Parliament’s behest and had a triumphant reception in London on the last day of the month. He was appointed second-in-command to General Fairfax on 12 June for the Scottish campaign, and on the withdrawal of Fairfax was promoted to the General’s place on 26 June. He entered Scotland with his army on 22 July. By that time Marvell had evidently finished the Horatian Ode begun in June; it makes no mention of Fairfax and ends before the start of the Scottish campaign. The poet was then in his thirtieth year. His new hero was fifty-one. The infant Commonwealth was eighteen months old.

Abstract: (1979). The constitution of the second republic of Sri Lanka (1978) and its significance. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 192-209.