TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a simple delayed acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples, which bypasses small gains to identify significantly improved stepping stone programs that tend to generalize.
Abstract: Inductive program synthesis, from input/output examples, can provide an opportunity to automatically create programs from scratch without presupposing the algorithmic form of the solution. For induction of general programs with loops (as opposed to loop-free programs, or synthesis for domain-specific languages), the state of the art is at the level of introductory programming assignments. Most problems that require algorithmic subtlety, such as fast sorting, have remained out of reach without the benefit of significant problem-specific background knowledge. A key challenge is to identify cues that are available to guide search towards correct looping programs. We present MAKESPEARE, a simple delayed-acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples. During search, delayed acceptance bypasses small gains to identify significantly-improved stepping stone programs that tend to generalize and enable further progress. The method performs well on a set of established benchmarks, and succeeds on the previously unsolved “Collatz Numbers” program synthesis problem. Additional benchmarks include the problem of rapidly sorting integer arrays, in which we observe the emergence of comb sort (a Shell sort variant that is empirically fast). MAKESPEARE has also synthesized a record-setting program on one of the puzzles from the TIS100 assembly language programming game.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a simple delayed acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples, which bypasses small gains to identify significantly improved stepping stone programs.
Abstract: Inductive program synthesis, from input/output examples, can provide an opportunity to automatically create programs from scratch without presupposing the algorithmic form of the solution. For induction of general programs with loops (as opposed to loop-free programs, or synthesis for domain-specific languages), the state of the art is at the level of introductory programming assignments. Most problems that require algorithmic subtlety, such as fast sorting, have remained out of reach without the benefit of significant problem-specific background knowledge. A key challenge is to identify cues that are available to guide search towards correct looping programs. We present MAKESPEARE, a simple delayed-acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples. During search, delayed acceptance bypasses small gains to identify significantly-improved stepping stone programs that tend to generalize and enable further progress. The method performs well on a set of established benchmarks, and succeeds on the previously unsolved "Collatz Numbers" program synthesis problem. Additional benchmarks include the problem of rapidly sorting integer arrays, in which we observe the emergence of comb sort (a Shell sort variant that is empirically fast). MAKESPEARE has also synthesized a record-setting program on one of the puzzles from the TIS-100 assembly language programming game.
TL;DR: The paper introduces some of sorting algorithms and begins with Bubble sort and will continue with Selection sort, Insertion sort, Shell sort, Merge sort, Heapsort, Quicksort and Bucket sort.
Abstract: Here we want to introduce some of sorting algorithms. So, we begin with Bubble sort and will continue with Selection sort, Insertion sort, Shell sort, Merge sort, Heapsort, Quicksort and Bucket sort. These are the most popular sorting algorithms. All of these algorithms are perfectly described during the paper.
TL;DR: This paper considers the sorting of a large number of multifield records on the Cell Broadband engine and shows that this method outperforms previously proposed sort methods that use either comb sort or bitonic sort for run generation followed by a 2-way odd-even merging of runs.
Abstract: We consider the sorting of a large number of multifield records on the Cell Broadband engine We show that our method, which generates runs using a 2-way merge and then merges these runs using a 4-way merge, outperforms previously proposed sort methods that use either comb sort or bitonic sort for run generation followed by a 2-way odd-even merging of runs Interestingly, best performance is achieved by using scalar memory copy instructions rather than vector instructions