Topic
Columnaris
About: Columnaris is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 275 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7020 citations. The topic is also known as: saddleback disease & columnaris disease.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The etiological agent of columnaris disease was isolated by Ordal and Rucker (1944) during an epizootic in young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at the Leavenworth Hatchery of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Abstract: In 1922 Davis described an infectious disease which was responsible for heavy mortalities in a number of species of warm water fishes in the Mississippi Valley. Although Davis was unsuccessful in his attempts to cultivate the etiological agent, he reported that large numbers of slender, motile bacteria were characteristically present in the lesions of infected fish. He further noted that when material scraped from a lesion was placed in a wet mount, the bacteria possessed the unique property of collecting together to form columnar masses on bits of fish tissue. Because of this feature, the organism was assigned the name Bacillus columnaris, and the disease was referred to as columnaris disease. No further mention of this disease is found in the literature until the report of Nigrelli (1943) that columnaris disease had been noted in fish held at the New York Aquarium. The etiological agent of columnaris disease was isolated by Ordal and Rucker (1944) during an epizootic in young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at the Leavenworth Hatchery of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional cultures were isolated from surface lesions and from the internal organs of adult salmon and other fishes examined at Rock Island Dam on the upper Columbia River, and from moribund adult Chinook salmon (0. tsh.awytscha) and from sockeye salmon held in large outdoor ponds at the Leavenworth Hatchery. The latter fish had been trapped at Rock Island Dam and transferred to
283 citations
TL;DR: Three possible risk factors associated with ESC/columnaris are identified, namely, operation size, stocking density, and feeding rate, which generate hypotheses about managerial and environmental interactions that represent substantial risks to production.
Abstract: Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris are the most economically important bacterial diseases affecting the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry in the United States. Although these two diseases have been extensively researched, little is known about their prevalence and epidemiology in production systems. In 1997, a two-part survey of catfish producers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was conducted to estimate the proportion of ponds and catfish operations that have these diseases and to develop information on the risk factors associated with reporting an occurrence. The response rates to the two phases of the survey were 65.6% and 75.3%, respectively. Overall, 78.1% of all operations and 42.1% of all ponds experienced problems with ESC/columnaris. Higher percentages of large operations and ponds on large operations experienced these problems. The most frequently reported average loss per outbreak of the two diseases was 200–2,000 lb (1 lb = 0.454 kg) per outb...
204 citations
TL;DR: Flexibacter maritimus (three strains) was shown to constitute a DNA relatedness group that is 0 to 8% related to all of the other species tested and can be differentiated by phenotypic tests.
Abstract: Eight unidentified fish pathogens and 10 strains received as “Flexibacter columnaris,” “Cytophaga psychrophila,” and Flexibacter maritimus were compared with the type strains of all previously described species in the genera Cytophaga and Flexibacter and with seven Flavobacterium species by determining levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness (S1 nuclease method) and by performing phenotypic tests. The name Flexibacter columnaris sp. nov. is revived for a DNA relatedness group comprising eight strains that are 75 to 100% related to strain TG 39/87 and 0 to 8% related to all of the other species studied. These strains produce flat rhizoid colonies which adhere to agar, show strong gliding movement, absorb Congo red, reduce nitrate to nitrite, and produce H2S. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA is 32 mol%. The type strain is strain NCMB 2248 (= ATCC 23463). The name Flexibacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is revived for a DNA relatedness group comprising seven strains that are 90 to 100% related to strain NCMB 1947T (T = type strain) and 0 to 5% related to all of the other species studied. These strains produce circular, convex colonies that have regular or spreading margins and do not adhere to agar, show very slow gliding movement, do not absorb Congo red, do not reduce nitrate, and do not produce H2S. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA is 33 mol%. The type strain is strain NCMB 1947. Both F. columnaris and F. psychrophilus produce the flexirubin type of pigments, are strongly proteolytic, and do not hydrolyze (or produce acid from) any carbohydrate. Flexibacter maritimus (three strains) was shown to constitute a DNA relatedness group that is 0 to 8% related to all of the other species tested. Furthermore, this organism can be differentiated by phenotypic tests. The presence of F. maritimus in Europe is shown for the first time.
179 citations
TL;DR: The first transcriptomic profiling of host responses to columnaris following an experimental challenge is conducted, highlighting several putative immune pathways and individual candidate genes deserving of further investigation in the context of development of therapeutic regimens and laying the foundation for selection of resistant catfish lines against columnaris.
Abstract: Outbreaks of columnaris disease (Flavobacterium columnare) are common in wild and cultured freshwater fish worldwide. Disease occurrences, particularly those caused by virulent genomovar II isolates, in aquaculture species such as channel catfish can be devastating. In contrast to other important aquaculture pathogens, little is known about host immune responses to columnaris. Adhesion of F. columnare to gill tissue has been correlated in some previous studies to virulence and host susceptibility. Here, therefore, we conducted the first transcriptomic profiling of host responses to columnaris following an experimental challenge. We utilized Illumina-based RNA-seq expression profiling to examine transcript profiles at three timepoints (4h, 24h, and 48h) in catfish gill after bath immersion infection. Enrichment and pathway analyses of the differentially expressed genes revealed several central signatures following infection. These included the dramatic upregulation of a rhamnose-binding lectin, with putative roles in bacterial attachment and aggregation, suppression of NF-κB signalling via IκBs, BCL-3, TAX1BP1, and olfactomedin 4, and strong induction of IFN-inducible responses including iNOS2b, IFI44, and VHSV genes. Fifteen differentially expressed genes with varying expression profiles by RNA-seq, were validated by QPCR (correlation coefficients 0.85-0.94, p-value <0.001). Our results highlight several putative immune pathways and individual candidate genes deserving of further investigation in the context of development of therapeutic regimens and laying the foundation for selection of resistant catfish lines against columnaris.
163 citations
TL;DR: Though a bacterin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen affecting species of fish reared in warmwater has been successfully tested, the serologic heterogeneity of these groups of organisms make it unlikely that widely utilizable vaccines will be available in the near future.
153 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 7 |
| 2020 | 5 |
| 2019 | 7 |
| 2018 | 7 |
| 2017 | 15 |
| 2016 | 11 |