Topic
Cola (plant)
About: Cola (plant) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34 publications have been published within this topic receiving 487 citations. The topic is also known as: kola nut & kola nut tree.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
1 Jan 2023
TL;DR: Proponer categorías de riesgo para la ictiofauna dulceacuícola de Oaxaca, basándose en la distribución actual de sus poblaciones en los ríos de este estado.
Abstract: En las cuencas hidrológicas de Oaxaca existen 6 especies que están incluidas en el listado del PROY-NOM-ECOL-2000, para las cuales se propone cambiar su categoría de riesgo. La propuesta se basa en la distribución actual de sus poblaciones en los ríos de este estado y del resto del país. El trabajo consistirá en: la revisión de las principales colecciones ictiológicas nacionales e internacionales, una investigación bibliográfica y la aportación de datos que uno ha obtenido al estudiar la fauna íctica de agua dulce de Oaxaca. Se consultarán las colecciones de peces dulceacuícolas del D. F. (IPN y UNAM) y las internacionales (servidores Gopher de peces en Internet). Se realizará la recopilación de la bibliografía disponible de cada especie propuesta, mediante la consulta en Internet y bibliotecas nacionales (institucionales y personales), con el fin de obtener la mayoría de los datos solicitados en las fichas del Sistema de Información Biótica versión 4. La información generada por nuestras investigaciones será capturada en el mencionado sistema de información. Los productos serán: la entrega de 6 fichas (especies) con datos básicos para la Norma Oficial nacional; y la evaluación de cada especie para su reafirmación o cambio de categoría de riesgo que se proponen en este estudio (ver parte inicial de metodología). Reino: 1 Filo: 1 Clase: 1 Orden: 4 Familia: 4 Género: 6 Especie: 6 Epitetoinfraespecifico: 1
196 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the magnitude and rapidity of peak caffeine levels and subjective effects between coffee and cola and found no main effect of vehicle or interaction of vehicle and drug on magnitude of peak effect or time to peak increase on self-report scales.
Abstract: Coffee is often perceived as producing greater pharmacological effects than cola. The present study compared the magnitude and rapidity of peak caffeine levels and subjective effects between coffee and cola. Thirteen users of both coffee and cola (mean daily caffeine consumption = 456 mg) ingested 400 mg caffeine via 12 oz unsweetened coffee, 24 oz sugar-free cola or 2 capsules in a random, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. Subjects provided a saliva sample and completed subjective effect scales 15 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after ingestion. Mean peak saliva caffeine levels did not differ between coffee (9.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml) and cola (9.8 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml) and appeared to be greater with these beverages than with the capsule (7.8 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml; p = NS). Saliva caffeine levels peaked at similar times for coffee (42 +/- 5 min) and cola (39 +/- 5 min) but later for capsule (67 +/- 7 min; p = 0.004). There was no main effect of vehicle or interaction of vehicle and drug on magnitude of peak effect or time to peak increase on self-report scales. In summary, peak caffeine absorption, time to peak absorption, and subjective effects do not appear to be influenced by cola vs. coffee vehicle. Perceived differences in the effects of coffee vs. cola may be due to differences in dose, time of day, added sweetener, environmental setting or contingencies.
165 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a collaborative attention network (COLA-Net) for image restoration, which combines local and non-local attention mechanisms to restore image content in the areas with complex textures and with highly repetitive details respectively.
Abstract: Local and non-local attention-based methods have been well studied in various image restoration tasks while leading to promising performance. However, most of the existing methods solely focus on one type of attention mechanism (local or non-local). Furthermore, by exploiting the self-similarity of natural images, existing pixel-wise non-local attention operations tend to give rise to deviations in the process of characterizing long-range dependence due to image degeneration. To overcome these problems, in this paper we propose a novel collaborative attention network (COLA-Net) for image restoration, as the first attempt to combine local and non-local attention mechanisms to restore image content in the areas with complex textures and with highly repetitive details respectively. In addition, an effective and robust patch-wise non-local attention model is developed to capture long-range feature correspondences through 3D patches. Extensive experiments on synthetic image denoising, real image denoising and compression artifact reduction tasks demonstrate that our proposed COLA-Net is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in both peak signal-to-noise ratio and visual perception, while maintaining an attractive computational complexity.
101 citations
TL;DR: Although limited biological data are available for kola nut extract specifically, the published data of the major constituents of kola nuts suggest the pharmacological/toxicological properties of kolas nut extract are parallel to those of a roughly equivalent dose of caffeine.
70 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the decrease in bone mineral density might be related to the renal damage caused by cola drinks in addition to other related factors.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine bone mineral density changes caused by consumption of cola drinks and the associated factors. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2, consisting of 10 male and 10 female rats, respectively, were provided with as much food, water and cola drinks as they wanted. Groups 3 and 4, consisting of five rats each, received only rat chow and water. The bone mineral density of the rats was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the end of 30 days. The blood values and weights of the animals were also determined. The oesophagus and kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. The weight gain was higher in the groups consuming cola drinks than the control group rats (P < 0.05). Water consumption decreased 5.9 times while total fluid consumption increased 1.6-1.9 times in the group consuming cola drinks. No significant change was detected in the blood calcium levels. There was a significant decrease in the bone mineral density of test groups when compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). While we did not detect any pathological oesophageal changes in the rats consuming cola drinks, examination of the kidneys revealed general glomerular congestion and intertubular bleeding. We suggest that the decrease in bone mineral density might be related to the renal damage caused by cola drinks in addition to other related factors.
37 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 97 |
| 2024 | 149 |
| 2023 | 114 |
| 2022 | 150 |
| 2021 | 20 |
| 2020 | 5 |