Topic
Cog
About: Cog is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8058 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: An update of the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins, the first since 2003, and a comprehensive revision of the COG annotations and expansion of the genome coverage to include representative complete genomes from all bacterial and archaeal lineages down to the genus level are presented.
Abstract: Microbial genome sequencing projects produce numerous sequences of deduced proteins, only a small fraction of which have been or will ever be studied experimentally. This leaves sequence analysis as the only feasible way to annotate these proteins and assign to them tentative functions. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/COG/), first created in 1997, has been a popular tool for functional annotation. Its success was largely based on (i) its reliance on complete microbial genomes, which allowed reliable assignment of orthologs and paralogs for most genes;(ii)orthology-basedapproach,whichusedthe function(s)ofthecharacterizedmember(s)oftheprotein family (COG) to assign function(s) to the entire set of carefully identified orthologs and describe the range of potential functions when there were more than one; and (iii) careful manual curation of the annotation of the COGs, aimed at detailed prediction of the biological function(s) for each COG while avoiding annotation errors and overprediction. Here we present an update of the COGs, the first since 2003, and a comprehensive revision of the COG annotations and expansion of the genome coverage to include representative complete genomes from all bacterial and archaeal lineages down to the genus level. This re-analysis of the COGs shows that the original COG assignments had an error rate below 0.5% and allows an assessment of the progress in functional genomics in the past 12 years. During this time, functions of many previously uncharacterized COGs have been elucidated and tentative functional assignments of many COGs have been validated, either by targeted experiments or through the use of high-throughput methods. A particularly important development is the assignment of functions to several widespread, conserved proteins many of which turned out to participate in translation, in particular rRNA maturation and tRNA modification. The new version of the COGs is expected to become an important tool for microbial genomics.
1,486 citations
TL;DR: The IRSG and COG experience with RMS is described, the current risk stratification definitions are presented, and rationale for the current generation of COG RMS studies are provided.
Abstract: The prognosis for children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has improved with refinements in multi-modal therapy. Since 1972, the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (now the Children's Oncology Group Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Committee) has conducted serial studies for RMS. This review describes the IRSG and COG experience with RMS, presents the current risk stratification definitions, and provides rationale for the current generation of COG RMS studies.
382 citations
TL;DR: The principles of the COG approach are reviewed and its key advantages and drawbacks in microbial genome analysis are discussed, including priority of targets for structural and functional characterization.
Abstract: For the past 20 years, the Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) database had been a popular tool for microbial genome annotation and comparative genomics. Initially created for the purpose of evolutionary classification of protein families, the COG have been used, apart from straightforward functional annotation of sequenced genomes, for such tasks as (i) unification of genome annotation in groups of related organisms; (ii) identification of missing and/or undetected genes in complete microbial genomes; (iii) analysis of genomic neighborhoods, in many cases allowing prediction of novel functional systems; (iv) analysis of metabolic pathways and prediction of alternative forms of enzymes; (v) comparison of organisms by COG functional categories; and (vi) prioritization of targets for structural and functional characterization. Here we review the principles of the COG approach and discuss its key advantages and drawbacks in microbial genome analysis.
238 citations
TL;DR: A simplified way to calculate the CoG positions, rarely measured in standing, allows a comparative assessment of motion performance and could also be applied to other kinds of movement such as walking.
225 citations
10 Dec 2002
TL;DR: A balancing method for humanoid robots with a little modification of predesigned motion trajectories that is allowed to choose any combination of joints as modified properties, so that it has enough flexibility, being applicable for various types of robots and motions.
Abstract: Since humanoid robots have a number of degrees-of-freedom in general, a pattern-based approach of the motion control reduces its difficulty. It is necessary, however, to absorb and compensate disturbances in order to maintain the stability of robots in the real world. We developed a balancing method for humanoid robots with a little modification of predesigned motion trajectories. The method proposed has an advantage that it is allowed to choose any combination of joints as modified properties, so that it has enough flexibility, being applicable for various types of robots and motions. It consists of two phases; in the first phase, the referential COG displacement is decided in accordance with both the short-term and the long-term absorption of disturbances. And in the second phase, the COG is manipulated with the whole-body cooperation, using the COG Jacobian. We verified the validity of the method with some simulations.
194 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 50 |
| 2024 | 79 |
| 2023 | 122 |
| 2022 | 155 |
| 2021 | 29 |
| 2020 | 460 |