Abstract: The computational world is becoming very large and complex. Cloud Computing has emerged as a popular computing model to support processing large volumetric data using clusters of commodity computers. According to J.Dean and S. Ghemawat [1], Google currently processes over 20 terabytes of raw web data. It's some fascinating, large-scale processing of data that makes your head spin and appreciate the years of distributed computing fine-tuning applied to today's large problems. The evolution of cloud computing can handle such massive data as per on demand service. Nowadays the computational world is opting for pay-for-use models and Hype and discussion aside, there remains no concrete definition of cloud computing. In this paper, we first develop a comprehensive taxonomy for describing cloud computing architecture. Then we use this taxonomy to survey several existing cloud computing services developed by various projects world-wide such as Google, force.com, Amazon. We use the taxonomy and survey results not only to identify similarities and differences of the architectural approaches of cloud computing, but also to identify areas requiring further research.

Abstract: Cloud computing is a disruptive technology with profound implications not only for Internet services but also for the IT sector as a whole. Its emergence promises to streamline the on-demand provisioning of software, hardware, and data as a service, achieving economies of scale in IT solutions' deployment and operation. This issue's articles tackle topics including architecture and management of cloud computing infrastructures, SaaS and IaaS applications, discovery of services and data in cloud computing infrastructures, and cross-platform interoperability. Still, several outstanding issues exist, particularly related to SLAs, security and privacy, and power efficiency. Other open issues include ownership, data transfer bottlenecks, performance unpredictability, reliability, and software licensing issues. Finally, hosted applications' business models must show a clear pathway to monetizing cloud computing. Several companies have already built Internet consumer services such as search, social networking, Web email, and online commerce that use cloud computing infrastructure. Above all, cloud computing's still unknown "killer application" will determine many of the challenges and the solutions we must develop to make this technology work in practice.

Abstract: Privacy is an important issue for cloud computing, both in terms of legal compliance and user trust, and needs to be considered at every phase of design. In this paper the privacy challenges that software engineers face when targeting the cloud as their production environment to offer services are assessed, and key design principles to address these are suggested.

Abstract: In order to support the maximum number of user and elastic service with the minimum resource, the Internet service provider invented the cloud computing. within a few years, emerging cloud computing has became the hottest technology. From the publication of core papers by Google since 2003 to the commercialization of Amazon EC2 in 2006, and to the service offering of AT&T Synaptic Hosting, the cloud computing has been evolved from internal IT system to public service, from cost-saving tools to revenue generator, and from ISP to telecom. This paper introduces the concept, history, pros and cons of cloud computing as well as the value chain and standardization effort.

Abstract: Recently the cloud computing paradigm has been receiving significant excitement and attention in the media and blogosphere To some, cloud computing seems to be little more than a marketing umbrella, encompassing topics such as distributed computing, grid computing, utility computing, and softwareas-a-service, that have already received significant research focus and commercial implementation Nonetheless, there exist an increasing number of large companies that are offering cloud computing infrastructure products and services that do not entirely resemble the visions of these individual compo-

Abstract: Cloud Computing is rising fast, with its data centres growing at an unprecedented rate. However, this has come with concerns over privacy, efficiency at the expense of resilience, and environmental sustainability, because of the dependence on Cloud vendors such as Google, Amazon and Microsoft. Our response is an alternative model for the Cloud conceptualisation, providing a paradigm for Clouds in the community, utilising networked personal computers for liberation from the centralised vendor model. Community Cloud Computing (C3) offers an alternative architecture, created by combing the Cloud with paradigms from Grid Computing, principles from Digital Ecosystems, and sustainability from Green Computing, while remaining true to the original vision of the Internet. It is more technically challenging than Cloud Computing, having to deal with distributed computing issues, including heterogeneous nodes, varying quality of service, and additional security constraints. However, these are not insurmountable challenges, and with the need to retain control over our digital lives and the potential environmental consequences, it is a challenge we must pursue.

Abstract: Cloud computing is a recently developed new technology for complex systems with massive-scale services sharing among numerous users. Therefore, authentication of both users and services is a significant issue for the trust and security of the cloud computing. SSL Authentication Protocol (SAP), once applied in cloud computing, will become so complicated that users will undergo a heavily loaded point both in computation and communication. This paper, based on the identity-based hierarchical model for cloud computing (IBHMCC) and its corresponding encryption and signature schemes, presented a new identity-based authentication protocol for cloud computing and services. Through simulation testing, it is shown that the authentication protocol is more lightweight and efficient than SAP, specially the more lightweight user side. Such merit of our model with great scalability is very suited to the massive-scale cloud.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a cloud gateway system, a cloud hypervisor system, and methods for implementing same. The cloud gateway system extends the security, manageability, and quality of service membrane of a corporate enterprise network into cloud infrastructure provider networks, enabling cloud infrastructure to be interfaced as if it were on the enterprise network. The cloud hypervisor system provides an interface to cloud infrastructure provider management systems and infrastructure instances that enables existing enterprise systems management tools to manage cloud infrastructure substantially the same as they manage local virtual machines via common server hypervisor APIs.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for management of a cloud computing environment for use by a software application. The cloud computing environment may be an N-tier environment. Multiple cloud providers may be used to provide the cloud computing environment.

Abstract: Cloud computing is the development of parallel computing, distributed computing and grid computing. It has been one of the most hot research topics. Now many corporations have involved in the cloud computing related techniques and many cloud computing platforms have been put forward. This is a favorable situation to study and application of cloud computing related techniques. Though interesting, there are also some problems for so many flatforms. For to a novice or user with little knowledge about cloud computing, it is still very hard to make a reasonable choice. What differences are there for different cloud computing platforms and what characteristics and advantages each has? To answer these problems, the characteristics, architectures and applications of several popular cloud computing platforms are analyzed and discussed in detail. From the comparison of these platforms, users can better understand the different cloud platforms and more reasonablely choose what they want.

Abstract: Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditised and delivered in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision and they include Grid computing, P2P computing, and more recently Cloud computing. The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a “Cloud” in which businesses and users are able to access applications from anywhere in the world on demand. Hence, Cloud computing can be classed as a new paradigm for the dynamic creation of next-generation Data Centers by assembling services of networked Virtual Machines (VMs). Thus, the computing world is rapidly transforming towards developing software for millions to consume as a service rather than creating software for millions to run on their PCs.

Abstract: With an increasing number of providers claiming to offer Cloud infrastructures, there is a lack in the community for a common terminology, accompanied by a clear definition and classification of Cloud features. We conduct in this paper a survey on a selection of Cloud providers, and propose a taxonomy of eight important Cloud computing elements covering service type, resource deployment, hardware, runtime tuning, business model, middleware, and performance. We conclude that the provisioning of Service Level Agreements as utilities, of open and interoperable middleware solutions, as well as of sustained performance metrics for high-performance computing applications are three elements with the highest need of further community research.

Abstract: Proposal of Cloud Computing is tightly coupled withlow cost. Reduction of cost is considered as an importantadvantage of Cloud. However, there are no availabletools proper for cost calculation and analysis in Cloudenvironment. This paper presents our efforts towardsfilling in the gap. We format suits of metrics and formulasfor the calculation of Cloud Total Cost of Ownership(TCO) and Utilization Cost, considering the elasticfeature of Cloud infrastructure and widely adoptedvirtualization technology in Cloud. This provides afoundation for evaluating economic efficiency of Cloudand provides indications for cost optimization of Cloud.We have developed our calculation and analysisapproach into a web tool which is used in the internalCloud environment and demonstrate initially its analysiscapability on the cost distribution and utilizationimbalance factor.

Abstract: A marketplace system can provide an interface to cloud management systems that allows the cloud management systems to specify desired computing resources and a value for providing those resources. The marketplace engine can provide the interface to third-party controlled systems to specify computing resources being offer to cloud computing systems. The marketplace engine can match the desired resources to the offers to provide computing resources and notify the cloud management systems and third-party controlled systems of the match. Additionally, the cloud management systems can utilize the marketplace to aid in valuing computing resources to be added to the cloud.

Abstract: Much is said about the advantages and risks of cloud computing, but how do you actually create a web application for this environment or migrate existing applications to it? With this book, you'll learn the programming and system administration skills necessary to build and support applications in the cloud, using transactional apps for customer orders and payments as a practical example If you're involved in planning IT infrastructure as a network or system architect, system administrator, or developer, this book will help you adapt your skills to work with the highly scalable, highly redundant infrastructure services offered by Amazon and other providers With Cloud Application Architectures, you will: Understand the differences between traditional deployment and cloud computing in areas such as reliability, security, and the ability to predict load and capacity Determine whether moving existing applications to the cloud makes technical and business sense Build a transactional web application and set up virtual servers to support it Learn how the cloud helps you better prepare for disaster recovery See how cloud computing changes your perspective on application scaling Cloud Application Architectures provides best practices that apply to every available cloud service Learn how to make the transition to the cloud and prepare your web applications to succeed

Abstract: To manage and communicate with virtual machines in an external cloud regardless of the cloud management scheme of clouds, the cloud management system can utilize an abstraction library. The abstraction library can be configured to abstract out the differences between different cloud management schemes utilized by the cloud management systems and an independent cloud management system of the external cloud.

Abstract: Recently the research community has believed that an e-learning ecosystem is the next generation e-learning. However, the current models of e-learning ecosystems lack the support of underlying infrastructures, which can dynamically allocate the required computation and storage resources for e-learning ecosystems. Cloud computing is a promising infrastructure which provides computation and storage resources as services. Hence, this paper introduces Cloud computing into an e-learning ecosystem as its infrastructure. In this paper, an e-learning ecosystem based on Cloud computing infrastructure is presented. Cloud computing infrastructure and related mechanisms allow for the stability, equilibrium, efficient resource use, and sustainability of an e-learning ecosystem.

Abstract: Cloud computing provides elastic computing infrastructure and resources which enable resource-on-demand and pay-as-you-go utility computing models. We believe that new applications can leverage these models to achieve new features that are not available for legacy applications. In our project we aim to build elastic applications which augment resource-constrained platforms, such as mobile phones, with elastic computing resources from clouds. An elastic application consists of one or more weblets, each of which can be launched on a device or cloud, and can be migrated between them according to dynamic changes of the computing environment or user preferences on the device. This paper overviews the general concept of this new application model, analyzes its unique security requirements, and presents our design considerations to build secure elastic applications. As first steps we propose a solution for authentication and secure session management between weblets running device side and those on the cloud. We then propose secure migration and how to authorize cloud weblets to access sensitive user data such as via external web services. We believe some principles in our solution can be applied in other cloud computing scenarios such as application integration between private and public clouds in an enterprise environment.

Abstract: A significant barrier to the adoption of cloud services is that users fear data leakage and loss of privacy if their sensitive data is processed in the cloud. In this paper, we describe a client-based privacy manager that helps reduce this risk, and that provides additional privacy-related benefits. We assess its usage within a variety of cloud computing scenarios. We have built a proof-of-concept demo that shows how privacy may be protected via reducing the amount of sensitive information sent to the cloud.

Abstract: In cloud computing, cloud service performance is an important issue. To improve cloud service reliability, fault recovery may be used. However, the use of fault recovery could have impact on the performance of cloud service. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary study on this issue. Cloud service performance is quantified by service response time, whose probability density function as well as the mean is derived.

Abstract: Industry panelists at an IEEE Computer Society conference in Beijing look at the opportunities and challenges emerging from cloud computing and how their companies are addressing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution (e.g., rules, techniques, etc.) for enabling the dynamic provisioning (e.g., movement) of Cloud-based jobs and resources. Such provisioning may be within a Cloud infrastructure, from Cloud to Cloud, from non-Cloud to Cloud, and from Cloud to non-Cloud. Each movement scenario is assigned a specific technique based on rules, profiles, SLA and/or other such criteria and agreements. Such dynamic adjustments may be especially advantageous in order to balance real-time workload to avoid over-provisioning, to manage Cloud performance, to attain a more efficient or cost-effective execution environment, to off-load a Cloud or specific Cloud resources for maintenance/service, and the like.

Abstract: A metering tool can monitor the software resources of the cloud to meter the software utilization of the cloud. The metering tool can cooperate and communicate with a cloud management system to determine the software resources utilized by processes instantiated in the cloud and to track the duration of the utilization. The metering tool can store the tracked utilization in a record.

Abstract: In recent years, Cloud computing is gaining much popularity as it can efficiently utilize the computing resources and hence can contribute to the issue of Green IT to save energy. So to make the Cloud services commercialized, Cloud markets are necessary and are being developed. As the increasing numbers of various Cloud services are rapidly evolving in the Cloud market, how to select the best and optimal services will be a great challenge. In this paper we present a Cloud service selection framework in the Cloud market that uses a recommender system (RS) which helps a user to select the best services from different Cloud providers (CP) that matches user requirements. The RS recommends a service based on the network QoS and Virtual Machine (VM) platform factors of difference CPs. The experimental results show that our Cloud service recommender system (CSRS) can effectively recommend a good combination of Cloud services to consumers.

Abstract: System and method for providing cloud computing services is described. In one embodiment, the system includes a cloud computing environment, the cloud computing environment comprising resources for supporting cloud workloads, each cloud workload having associated therewith an internal cloud address; and a routing system disposed between external workloads of an external computing environment and the cloud workloads, the routing system for directing traffic from an external address to the internal addresses of the cloud workloads.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system or method to provide dynamically packaged Cloud services to customers via a Cloud services registry. The Cloud services registry is dynamic and operates by polling different Cloud service providers and Cloud service databases to ensure that the Cloud services registry is up to date with the latest available Cloud services. The Cloud services registry is available for queries from Cloud customers and abstracts multiple Cloud service providers. By abstracting the Cloud services, the dynamic Cloud services registry creates a modular package of different services from different Cloud service providers based on the query and requested priority for services. The dynamic Cloud registry is dynamically updated based on the level of services that the provider has available. The dynamic registry determines what service best matches the requirements from a Cloud service request (CSR) and returns a personalized set of matching services.

Abstract: Cloud computing places an organization's sensitive data in the control of a third party, introducing a significant level of risk on the privacy and security of the data. We propose a new management and security model for cloud computing called the Private Virtual Infrastructure (PVI) that shares the responsibility of security in cloud computing between the service provider and client, decreasing the risk exposure to both. The PVI datacenter is under control of the information owner while the cloud fabric is under control of the service provider. A cloud Locator Bot pre-measures the cloud for security properties, securely provisions the datacenter in the cloud, and provides situational awareness through continuous monitoring of the cloud security. PVI and Locator Bot provide the tools that organizations require to maintain control of their information in the cloud and realize the benefits of cloud computing.

Abstract: A method for integrating cloud computing systems includes establishing a connection between a cloud computing system architecture and cloud computing systems Each of the cloud computing systems includes computing resources The method further includes integrating the computing resources with an external integration architecture by establishing a second connection between the cloud computing system architecture and the external integration architecture The external integration architecture includes IT Information Library (ITIL) software components The cloud computing system architecture includes management components that provide integration points to connect the ITIL software components with the computing resources