Clitoria

Abstract: Background and Aim: Clitoria ternatea, a medicinal herb native to tropical equatorial Asia, is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of C. ternatea against experimentally induced liver injury. Methods: The antioxidant property of methanolic extract (ME) of C. ternatea leaf was investigated by employing an established in vitro antioxidant assay. The hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in mice of ME of C. ternatea leaf was also studied. Activity was measured by monitoring the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and billirubin along with histopathological analysis. Results: The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to be 358.99 ± 6.21 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 123.75 ± 2.84 mg/g catechin equivalent, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. ternatea leaf extract was 67.85% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and was also concentration dependant, with an IC50 value of 420.00 µg/mL. The results of the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that mice treated with the ME of C. ternatea leaf (200 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, and bilirubin

Abstract: Clitoria ternatea contained tannins, phlobatannin, carbohydrates, saponins, triterpenoids, phenols, flavanoids, flavonol glycosides, proteins, alkaloids, antharaquinone, anthocyanins, cardiac glycosides, Stigmast- 4-ene-3,6-dione, volatile oils and steroids. The plant showed many pharmacological effects including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, CNS, antimicrobial, gastro-intestinal antiparasitic, insecticidal and many other pharmacological effects. This Review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Clitoria ternatea. I. INTRODUCTION A large and increasing number of patients in the world use medicinal plants and herbs for health purpose. Therefore, scientific scrutiny of their therapeutic potential, biological properties, and safety will be useful in making wise decisions about their use (1-2) . There are hundreds of significant drugs and biologically active compounds developed from the traditional medicinal plants. Plant showed wide range of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular, central nervous, respiratory, immunological, anti-inflammatory, analgesic antipyretic and many other pharmacological effects (3- 40 . The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that Clitoria ternatea contained tannins, phlobatannin, carbohydrates, saponins, triterpenoids, phenols, flavanoids, flavonol glycosides, proteins, alkaloids, antharaquinone, anthocyanins, cardiac glycosides, Stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, volatile oils and steroids. The plant showed many pharmacological effects including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anticancer, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, CNS, antimicrobial, gastro-intestinal antiparasitic, insecticidal and many other pharmacological effects. This Review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Clitoria ternatea. Plant profile: Synonyms: Clitoria albiflora Mattei, Clitoria bracteata Poir., Clitoria mearnsii De Wild., Clitoria tanganicensis Micheli, Clitoria zanzibarensis Vatke (41) .

Abstract: Cyclotides are plant‐derived, cyclic miniproteins with three interlocking disulfide bonds that have attracted great interests because of their excellent stability and potential as peptide therapeutics. In this study, we characterize the cyclotides of the medicinal plant Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) and investigate their biological activities. Using a combined proteomic and transcriptomic method, we identified 41 novel cyclotide sequences, which we named cliotides, making C. ternatea one of the richest cyclotide‐producing plants to date. Selected members of the cationic cliotides display potent antibacterial activity specifically against Gram‐negative bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.5 μm. Remarkably, they also possess prominent immunostimulating activity. At a concentration of 1 μm, cationic cliotides are capable of augmenting the secretion of various cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes at both resting and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated states. Chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 1β, interferon γ‐induced protein 10, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α were among the most upregulated with up to 129‐fold increase in secretion level. These findings suggest cyclotides can serve as potential candidates for novel immunomodulating therapeutics.