TL;DR: A review of bio-bioerosion in coral reef ecosystems can be found in this paper, where a detailed analysis of the evolution and classification of the endolithic guild is presented.
Abstract: Evolution and Classification.- The endolithic guild: an ecological framework for residential cavities in hard substrates.- Evolutionary implications of an exceptionally preserved Carboniferous microboring assemblage in the Buckhorn Asphalt lagerstatte (Oklahoma, USA).- Enigmatic organisms preserved in early Ordovician macroborings, western Utah, USA.- Spectrum of bioerosive biota.- The boring microflora in modern coral reef ecosystems: a review of its roles.- The trace Rhopalia clavigera isp. n. reflects the development of its maker Eugomontia sacculata Kornmann, 1960.- Colonisation and bioerosion of marine bivalve shells from the Baltic Sea by euendolithic cyanobacteria: an experimental study.- The medium is the message: imaging a complex microboring (Pyrodendrina cupra igen. n., isp. n.) from the early Paleozoic of Anticosti Island, Canada.- Micro-computed tomography for studies on Entobia: transparent substrate versus modern technology.- A history of sponge erosion: from past myths and hypotheses to recent approaches.- Substratum microtexture affects the boring pattern of Cliona albimarginata (Clionaidae, Demospongiae).- Two new dwarf Entobia ichnospecies in a diverse aphotic ichnocoenosis (Pleistocene / Rhodes, Greece).- Borings, bodies and ghosts: spicules of the endolithic sponge Aka akis sp. nov. within the boring Entobia cretacea, Cretaceous, England.- Role of polychaetes in bioerosion of coral substrates.- Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792), dominating dead-coral boring bivalve from the Maldives, Indian Ocean.- Echinometrid sea urchins, their trophic styles and corresponding bioerosion.- Symbiotic interactions.- Boring a mobile domicile: an alternative to the conchicolous life habit.- Biogeographical distribution of Hyrrokkin (Rosalinidae, Foraminifera) and its host-specific morphological and textural trace variability.- Endolithic sponge versus terebratulid brachiopod, Pleistocene, Italy: accidental symbiosis, bioclaustration and deformity.- Spectrum of substrates.- Micro-bioerosion in volcanic glass: extending the ichnofossil record to Archaean basaltic crust.- Microbial bioerosion of bone - a review.- Xylic substrates at the fossilisation barrier: oak trunks (Quercus sp.) in the Holocene sediments of the Labe River, Czech Republic.- Trace fossil assemblages on Miocene rocky shores of southern Iberia.- Role of bioerosion in taphonomy: effect of predatory drillholes on preservation of mollusc shells.- An online bibliography of bioerosion references.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that overconservative systematic traditions but also morphological stasis have led to genetic complexity going undetected and that a DNA-assisted taxonomy may play a key role in uncovering the hidden diversity in this taxonomic group.
TL;DR: The diversity of zooxanthellae associated with sponges from the Caribbean and greater Indo-Pacific regions was surveyed using chloroplast large subunit (cp23S) domain V sequences and length variation was found to correspond in a highly precise manner to finer resolution of phylogenetic topology among Symbiodinium clades.
TL;DR: The broken, dead stands of the Caribbean elkhorn coral Acropora palmata, which suf- fered massive mortalities from disease and bleaching during the early 1980s, are now widely covered by Cliona tenuis, an encrusting and excavating brown sponge (Hadromerida, Clionaidae).
Abstract: The broken, dead stands of the Caribbean elkhorn coral Acropora palmata, which suf- fered massive mortalities from disease and bleaching during the early 1980s, are now widely covered by Cliona tenuis, an encrusting and excavating brown sponge (Hadromerida, Clionaidae). This sponge displaces live coral tissue by undermining the polypal skeletal support. On the windward fringing reef of Islas del Rosario (Colombian Caribbean), 26% of C. tenuis individuals currently dwelling on live corals had colonized their host from sponge-carrying branches of A. palmata thrown against the corals during storms. Times of initial colonization were traced back from sponge growth rates in a few marked massive coral colonies and found to coincide approximately with hurricanes that had affected the area. Transplantation experiments confirmed that C. tenuis is able to spread to new coral hosts from attached fragments. The extent of C. tenuis dispersion via branching coral frag- ments and further massive coral colonization is now evident and, given that C. tenuis-encrusted A. palmata fragments are becoming progressively smaller, the phenomenon is likely to increase. C. tenuis was also found undermining encrusting and foliose corals settled on dead A. palmata branches, thus also retarding the process of reef recovery to an unknown degree.
TL;DR: Clionaidae (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) receives a new definition by accepting Spheciospongia and massive species previously assigned to Spirastrella and a recently described genus, Cervicornia is included here and distinguished by its specialized incurrent fistules and endopsammic choanosomal pulp.
Abstract: Clionaidae (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) receives a new definition by accepting Spheciospongia and massive species previously assigned to Spirastrella (Spirastrellidae). A recently described genus, Cervicornia (for Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck) is included here and distinguished by its specialized incurrent fistules and endopsammic choanosomal pulp. Clionaopsis new name is suggested to replace the preoccupied [Clionopsis] Thiele. Spheciospongia remains distinct for its pore sieves. All other genera are separated by their spicule complements which include tylostyles (with some oxeote or stylote modifications or additions) as megascleres, and delicate (compared to Spirastrellidae) spirasters, amphiasters, smooth and spiny microxeas, and bent or spiral, smooth or spiny microstrongyles and microrhabds as microscleres. Eight genera are considered to be valid.