Showing papers on "Choropleth map published in 1999"
TL;DR: This paper presents a categorization of four areal interpolation problems that includes the “missing” data problem, the traditional “alternative geography” problem,The overlay of a choropelth and an area-class data layer, and the overlay of two choropleth data layers and demonstrates the relationship between the last three problems and general spatial interaction modelling.
Abstract: Traditionally, areal interpolation has referred to techniques for transferring attribute values from one partitioning of space to a different partition of space but this is only one of several situations that create the need for estimating unknown data values for areal units. This paper presents a categorization of four areal interpolation problems that includes the “missing” data problem, the traditional “alternative geography” problem, the overlay of a choropelth and an area-class data layer, and the overlay of two choropleth data layers and demonstrates the relationship between the last three problems and general spatial interaction modelling. The “alternative geography” and overlay of choropleth and area-class data layers mirrors a singly constrained spatial interaction model while the overlay of two choropleth layers is analogous to a doubly constrained interaction model. Iterative proportional fitting techniques with and without ancillary data are developed to solve these three classes of problems.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a classification scheme that focuses on an attribute's spatial arrangement without regard to its statistical distribution is presented, which retains as much visual complexity as possible for a given number of class intervals unlike the traditional quantile classification based solely on ordinal relationships.
Abstract: Choropleth maps have traditionally displayed standardized interval or metric data for areal units. The data classifications for such maps are usually based on an attribute's statistical distribution without regards for its spatial distribution. This paper presents a classification scheme that focuses on an attribute's spatial arrangement without regard to its statistical distribution. Using only its ordinal property, data are classified to produce maps that retain as much of the spatial structure of the raw data as possible. Such a classification retains as much visual complexity as possible for a given number of class intervals unlike the traditional quantile classification, the only other classification based solely on ordinal relationships.
7 citations
1 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the second text of the geographic maps of the Internet, Cyberspace and the network society and examine, in detail, maps that display, with varying degrees of subtlety, the ideological agendas of Cyberboosteri sm of their creators.
Abstract: This paper critically examines the maps being produced to represent and promote the so called network society. Drawing on the deconstructionists approach pioneered by Brian Harley, we attempt to read and expose the “second text” of the geographic maps of the Internet, Cyberspace and the network society. We examine, in detail, maps that display, with varying degrees of subtlety, the ideological agendas of Cyberboosteri sm of their creators. These maps are important because they are widely reproduced and consumed without critical comment. Many contain serious problems of ecological fallacies and commonly use choropleth cartographic methods.