Topic
Chlordane
About: Chlordane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1152 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29164 citations. The topic is also known as: chlordan & 1,2,4,5,6,7,10,10-Octachloro-4,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4,7-methyleneindane.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: Large-scale passive air sampling networks are suitable for monitoring compliance with, and effectiveness of, regulatory control measures and for establishing experimentally the atmospheric long-range transport behavior of organic air pollutants.
Abstract: Annually averaged concentrations and enantiomeric compositions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air were determined in 2000/2001 at 40 stations across North America using XAD-based passive samplers. Absolute concentration differences acrossthe continent, the skewness and kurtosis of the concentration distribution, the relative abundance of parent compound and metabolites, and the chiral signatures can identify regional sources of OCP to the atmosphere. Specifically, air samples collected in the southeastern United States had elevated concentrations of chlordane-related compounds, higher ratios of trans- to cis-chlordane and heptachlor to heptachlor epoxide, as well as higher enantiomeric fractions of trans-chlordane as compared to other regions, suggesting continued release of microbially unprocessed chlordane to the regional atmosphere. Similarly, greatly elevated concentrations of p,p'-DDT, low relative abundance of the metabolite DDE, and a racemic composition of o,p'-DDT in samples from southern Mexico and Belize indicate recent use of DDT in these regions. Belize is also a potential source region for dieldrin. Reflecting its continued use in North America, endosulfan is now one of the most abundant and ubiquitous OCPs in the continental atmosphere. In contrast to these OCPs, air concentrations of penta- and hexachlorobenzene vary only by factors of 2-4 across the continent, reflecting a long atmospheric residence time and few primary sources. Atmospheric levels of the chlorobenzenes, alpha-endosulfan, and p,p'-DDE increase with elevation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Empirical travel distances for the OCPs derived from latitudinal concentration profiles are in good agreementwith model-derived indicators of long-range transport potential and, in particular, lead to a similar categorization of the OCPs. Large-scale passive air sampling networks are suitable for monitoring compliance with, and effectiveness of, regulatory control measures and for establishing experimentally the atmospheric long-range transport behavior of organic air pollutants.
363 citations
TL;DR: Elevated concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, and HCB occurred at sites in China, higher than reported in a similar recent sampling campaign in Europe and in some Chinese locations, while PBDE levels were generally low in the region.
Abstract: Asia is of global importance economically, yet data on ambient persistent organic pollutant levels are still sparse for the region, despite international efforts under the Stockholm Convention to identify and reduce emissions. A large-scale passive air sampling survey was therefore conducted in Asia, specifically in China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. Polyurethane foam disks were deployed simultaneously at 77 sites, between Sept 21 and Nov 16, 2004, and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine compounds (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordane), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The meteorological conditions prevailing in the region at this time facilitated the assessment of local/regional differences in atmospheric emissions, because large-scale advection effects due to monsoons or dust storms did not occur. Air concentrations estimated assuming an average sampler uptake rate of 3.5 m3/day ranged as follows (pg m-3): PCBs, 5−340; H...
338 citations
TL;DR: These data from a site removed from industrial and human activity indicate the present concentrations of synthetic organic pollutants in the atmosphere and establish the long-range atmospheric transport of organic pollutants to remote marine areas.
Abstract: Concentrations of organic pollutants in the air and in precipitation have been measured at Enewetak Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean These data from a site removed from industrial and human activity indicate the present concentrations of synthetic organic pollutants in the atmosphere and establish the long-range atmospheric transport of organic pollutants to remote marine areas Hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers are present in the remote marine atmosphere Polychlorobiphenyls, total DDT, dieldrin, chlordane, and two phthalate ester plasticizers were also found in the samples The concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere remote from continental sources are good measures of the minimum concentrations of air pollutants on Earth
334 citations
TL;DR: Long-term exposure from handling certain pesticides, in particular, organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, may be associated with increased risk of diabetes.
Abstract: Exposure to certain environmental toxicants may be associated with increased risk of developing diabetes. The authors' aim was to investigate the relation between lifetime exposure to specific agricultural pesticides and diabetes incidence among pesticide applicators. The study included 33,457 licensed applicators, predominantly non-Hispanic White males, enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. Incident diabetes was self-reported in a 5-year follow-up interview (1999-2003), giving 1,176 diabetics and 30,611 nondiabetics for analysis. Lifetime exposure to pesticides and covariate information were reported by participants at enrollment (1993-1997). Using logistic regression, the authors considered two primary measures of pesticide exposure: ever use and cumulative lifetime days of use. They found seven specific pesticides (aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, alachlor, and cyanazine) for which the odds of diabetes incidence increased with both ever use and cumulative days of use. Applicators who had used the organochlorine insecticides aldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor more than 100 lifetime days had 51%, 63%, and 94% increased odds of diabetes, respectively. The observed association of organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides with diabetes is consistent with results from previous human and animal studies. Long-term exposure from handling certain pesticides, in particular, organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, may be associated with increased risk of diabetes.
325 citations
TL;DR: The different compositions of DDT, HCH, chlordane and endosulfan indicated that the residues of these compounds in most soil samples originated from historical application, besides slight recent introduction at some sampling locations, and the quality of Shanghai agricultural soil was classified as low pollution by OCPs.
310 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 6 |
| 2024 | 11 |
| 2023 | 20 |
| 2022 | 35 |
| 2021 | 13 |
| 2020 | 8 |