Chelmon

Abstract: Distribution and composition of Indonesian Chaetodontid species may vary among different locations. However, illegal fishing practices such as bombing and poisoning on reef ecosystems have significant contribution to environmental degradation and can change the community structure of fish especially that of Chatodontids that act as indicator species in in the given areas. Therefore, it is important to do periodic surveys to know the current condition and their changing. A study on community structure of Chaetodontidae has been conducted from July to August 2011 on coral reef ecosystems of the Banda Sea and its adjacent waters including Banggai, Kendari, and Lamalera Islands. Scuba equipment was used and underwater visual census method was applied for collecting the data at 21 stations. A total of 1399 individual Chaetodontid fishes was observed, belonging to thirty species and seven genera, i.e. Chaetodon (20 species), Heniochus (4 species), Forcipiger (2 species), Chelmon (1 species), Coradion (1 species), Hemitaurichthys (1 species), and Parachaetodon (1 species). Chaetodon kleinii was the most dominant species in the Banggai (74,38%) and Lamalera (71,71%). Kendari was characterized by the presence of C. octofasciatus that contributed 55,20%. There were two dominant groups of Chaetodontidae based on the feeding guild. Facultative coral feeder was the most abundance in Banggai and Lamalera, while the most common Chaetodontidae in Kendari belonged to obligate coral feeder. Chaetodontid diversity in Banggai was the lowest compared to that of in other studied areas. Anthropogenic pressure may become a major factor causing the low diversity and studied species richness in the coral reef ecosystem of Banggai waters.

Abstract: The Bio-Transplants method is a coral grafting method by inoculating coral seedlings/fragments using natural materials. They are dead corals in the DC and DCA categories as a place of attachment. This study aims to see the success of the Bio-Transplants method in compiling indicators of fish species associated with the field of Bio-Transplants. They have conducted this research in 10 x 10 square meters on the north side of Tunda Island waters in July 2019 (T0 ), November 2019 (T1 ), and July 2020 (T2). The sampling method used a stationary visual census. In July 2019, as many as 11 species from 7 families, November 2019 was 31 species from 10 families, and July 2020 was 47 species from 10 families. Composition of fish species as an indicator of the health of coral ecosystems from the Chaetodontidae family fish species. In July, when Bio-Transplants started production, there were no fish groups from the Chaetodontidae family. The composition of the fish species found in November was Chelmon sp. and Henichus varius . After its age, the Bio Transplants area was one year (July 2020) consisting of 4 fish species from the family Chaetodontidae, namely: Heniochus chrysostomus, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Chelmon sp., and Heniochus varius .

Abstract: Marine ornamental trade has been developing for several years with Indonesia as one of the major exporter countries . Among the popular marine ornamental fish in the local and international markets belong to the family of Chaetodontidae . The existence of this family has been reported from several areas in Indonesia. However, no information is available in terms of their phylogenetic relationships of the fish f rom the south coast of West Java . The aim of this research was to asses the phylogenetic relationships among ornamental fish members of Chaetodontidae in the South Coast of West Java . Fish samples were collected from two trading sites Ujung Genteng and Taman Manalusu. Collected f ish were identified using a previously published study. The e volutionary relationships among species were analyzed statistically through phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony algorithm and Kimura 2- Parameter substitution model as implemented in PAUP 4.0 software. Tree b ranching pattern supported by 1000 bootstraps pseudo-replicates and out-group comparison. Daschyllus trimaculatus used as outgroup species. Based on the study , Chaetodontidae from the South Coast of West Java formed one monophyletic group compared to Dascylus trimaculatus with Chelmon rostratus was the basal species. All the remaining species were the derived species . There are CI and RI value gained. The consistency index (CI) value of this family is 0.5833, and the retention index (RI) is 0.5082.

Abstract: Chelmon rostratus (Teleostei, Perciformes, Chaetodontidae) is a copperband butterflyfish, living in tropical areas. Just as other coral reef fish, it can be cultivated as an ornamental fish, thus providing genome information for this species might help understanding the genome evolution of Chaetodontidae (without previous genomes available) and adaptation/evolution of coral reef fish. In this study, we sequenced and assembled a draft genome of Chelmon rostratus. Using the stLFR linked-read data, we assembled a genome of 638.88 Mb in size with contig and scaffold N50 sizes of 294.41 kb and 2,62 Mb, respectively. Up to 21.47 % of the genome was found to be repetitive sequences and 21,375 protein-coding genes were annotated. Among these annotated protein-coding genes, 20,163 (94.33%) proteins were assigned with possible functions. As the first genome for Chaetodontidae family, the information of these data helpfully to improve the essential to the further understanding and exploration of marine ecological environment symbiosis with coral and the genomic innovations and molecular mechanisms contributing to its unique morphology and physiological features.