TL;DR: The author has modified this approach and used a vascularized Bichat's fat flap to aid lateral cheek projection while still improving lower face fullness and the jowl, and four-year results have been excellent.
Abstract: Midface aging is characterized by soft-tissue ptosis with loss of cheek projection Subperiosteal midface lifts may reposition the soft-tissue mounds and improve the tear trough, but may not fill the lateral cheeks in patients with significant jowls or poor bony support Correction with alloplastic implants is helpful, but may not be accepted by many patients During subperiosteal midface lifts, the author often excises Bichat's fat pad to decrease the jowl and to diminish face fullness He has modified this approach and used a vascularized Bichat's fat flap to aid lateral cheek projection while still improving lower face fullness and the jowl For the last 4 years, close to 150 patients undergoing subperiosteal midface lifts have had vascularized Bichat's fat pad flaps The jowls were marked preoperatively All patients had complete cheek undermining either through a buccal sulcus incision or through a crow's-foot incision, or through a muscle-sparing limited lower blepharoplasty incision Bichat's fat pad is identified in its pocket medial to the masseter tendon Mobilization of Bichat's fat pad is done by blunt dissection, preserving its thin fascial envelope The "hernial saclike" pocket, excluding Stensen's duct and the buccal branches of the facial nerve, is identified and protected Suspension is accomplished by fixation with 3-0 polydioxanone sutures either to the temporalis fascia (via the temporal incisions), to the arcus marginalis, or to the suborbicularis oculi fat pad Fixation technique is dependent on where the fat pad is needed and the surgeon's preference Fat pad repositioning is accomplished with a minor learning curve The most common problems are tearing of the fat pad during fixation and temporary numbness of the long buccal nerve Attention to leaving the capsule intact and gentle handling is essential to fixation Nevertheless, in some patients with poor-quality fat pads, fixation is extremely difficult Four-year results have been excellent Further studies with magnetic resonance imaging of postoperative patients are necessary to assess longevity Bichat's fat pad provides autologous vascularized tissue for midface fill Placement may be lateral for cheek augmentation or medial for deep nasolabial folds Jowl improvement also occurs with the removal of Bichat's fat pad from its pocket
TL;DR: It is suggested that subcutaneous masses appearing in an area, which was previously injected with fat, should be excised, to avoid leakage of its oily content and possible further granulomatotic reactions and cysts.
Abstract: A case in which a growing cystic mass developed in the submandibular area, 6 months following fat injection to the cheek and mandibular area, is described. Histological examination revealed a liponecrotic pseudocyst. It is suggested that subcutaneous masses appearing in an area, which was previously injected with fat, should be excised. Diagnostic aspiration procedures may cause leakage of its oily content and possible further granulomatotic reactions and cysts.
TL;DR: Alloplastic cheek augmentation can achieve an attractive malar prominence that is in balance and harmony with the other facial features and the possible complications are discussed.
TL;DR: Combining nitrogen plasma skin regeneration with aesthetic facial surgery enhances outcomes for procedures in the forehead and in the periorbital, midface, and perioral regions and does not seem to increase the risk of dermatologic or surgical complications for the procedures described herein.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of aesthetic facial surgery with concurrent nitrogen plasma skin regeneration. Methods During a 28-month period, we independently completed 272 concurrent procedures in 95 patients aged 42 to 80 years in whom nitrogen plasma skin regeneration was performed immediately on completion of various aesthetic procedures, including brow-lift, blepharoplasty, lateral canthoplasty, midface-lift, rhytidectomy, cheek augmentation, lip vermillion advancement, filler injections, and augmentation mentoplasty. The treatment variables evaluated included nitrogen plasma pulse energy, pass number, and pulse count, and outcomes monitored included complications and subjective aesthetic improvement. Results The various treatment combinations were well tolerated at all anatomical sites. Rhytidectomy flap treatment included escalation of single-pass low-energy to high-energy nitrogen plasma treatment. Although perioperative complications did not otherwise negatively affect results, they included erythema with acneiform eruption (in 2 patients) and presumed herpes simplex virus infection, brief healing delay, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (in 1 patient each). In general, the treatment combinations were synergistic. Conclusions Combining nitrogen plasma skin regeneration with aesthetic facial surgery enhances outcomes for procedures in the forehead and in the periorbital, midface, and perioral regions. It does not seem to increase the risk of dermatologic or surgical complications for the procedures described herein.
TL;DR: Transdermal administration of Restylane SubQ is a convenient, noninvasive procedure for chin and cheek contouring and for rejuvenation of the mid and lower face.