Topic
Chasmogamy
About: Chasmogamy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 65 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3187 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: Electrophoretic markers indicate that progeny derived from chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers are predominantly outcrossed (at least 54‐97%), and theory predicts that self‐pollinated progenies may be more variable than outcrossing progenie if rare, recessive alleles are important contributors to genetic variances.
Abstract: This study compares survival and growth of progeny derived from chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers in Impatiens capensis, a forest annual. When progeny were grown in the field, CH seeds had significantly higher survival rates over winter (64% versus 56%), and the survival advantage of outcrossed progeny was not attributable to seed weight differences. No differences in seedling growth were detected. Greenhouse comparisons revealed no difference in seed survival but a 30% growth advantage to CH seedlings. We found no changes in developmental homeostasis of three leaf shape characters between inbred and outbred progeny, nor was there any difference in variability within CH and CL families. The outcrossing advantage observed in these experiments could not have been caused by avoidance of sib competition. Theory predicts that self-pollinated progenies may be more variable than outcrossed progenies if rare, recessive alleles are important contributors to genetic variances. Electrophoretic markers indicate that progeny derived from CH flowers are predominantly outcrossed (at least 54-97%).
174 citations
TL;DR: The material and energetic costs of producing self- and cross-fertilized seeds in Impatiens capensis are estimated to be about 65 and 135 calories per selfed or outcrossed seed, respectively.
Abstract: By using a generally applicable technique that involves monitoring the development and survivorship of flowers and seed capsules, I estimated the material and energetic costs of producing self- and cross-fertilized seeds in Impatiens capensis. All flowers and fruits on six plants were censused intensively for the two-month period of reproduction. Cleistogamous (selfing) flowers ripened seed in about 24 days, compared to about 36 days for the chasmogamous (outcrossing) flowers. In terms of dry weight, selfed seeds cost about two-thirds as much as outcrossed seeds: 12.4 versus 18.4 mg dry weight per seed. When adjusted to the currency of calories, and including an independent estimate of pollen and nectar production in outcrossing flowers, I estimate the costs to be about 65 and 135 calories per selfed or outcrossed seed. Sources of error include the accuracy of the estimates of flower and fruit weight, and possible differences among the developmental stages in respiratory costs. The cost discrepancy implies that outcrossed seeds should possess a countervailing fitness advantage large enough to offset their greater energetic cost.
156 citations
TL;DR: Both CH and CL flowers contributed to reproduction in V. pubescens as well as delayed CH selfing, thereby creating a mating system that may be an adaptation to pollinator or resource unpredictability within the flowering season.
Abstract: Plant response to variation in the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment often involves mechanisms that promote reproductive assurance. The goal of this study was to determine whether production of chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers as well as delayed CH selfing in the perennial herb Viola pubescens enhances reproductive output in a heterogeneous environment. A central Ohio population was monitored for several years to study its reproductive biology and to measure selfing rates in CH flowers. A temporal switch from CH to CL flowers corresponded with a reduction in light availability as the forest canopy formed. Although similar numbers of CH and CL flowers were produced per plant, CH flowers were nearly twice as likely to disperse seeds as CL flowers. Both floral types had similar numbers of seeds with comparable mass, and there was no difference in emergence of CH and CL seedlings. In addition to outcrossing, CH flowers were capable of delayed selfing if left unvisited by insect pollin...
123 citations
TL;DR: Perennial plants showed that favorable habitats in soil nutrients or water content tend to promote clonal growth over sexual reproduction, and plants with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers provides with a greater tendency to ensure some seed set in any stressful environmental conditions.
Abstract: Many plant species have two modes of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Both modes of reproduction have often been viewed as adaptations to temporally or spatially variable environments. The plant should adjust partitioning to match changes in the estimated success of the two reproductive modes. Perennial plants showed that favorable habitats in soil nutrients or water content tend to promote clonal growth over sexual reproduction. In contrast, under high light-quantity conditions, clonal plants tend to allocate more biomass to sexual reproduction and less to clonal propagation. On the other hand, plants with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers provides with a greater tendency of the opportunity to ensure some seed set in any stressful environmental conditions such as low light, low soil nutrients, or low soil moisture. It is considered that vegetative reproduction has high competitive ability and is the major means to expand established population of perennial plants, whereas cleistogamous reproduction is insurance to persist in stressful sites due to being strong. Chasmogamous reproduction mainly enhances established and new population. Therefore, the functions of sexual and asexual propagules of perennial or annual plants differ from each other. These traits of propagule thus determine its success at a particular region of any environmental gradients. Eventually, if environmental resources or stress levels change in either space or time, species composition will probably also change. The reason based on which the plants differ with respect to favored reproduction modes in each environmental condition, may be involved in their specific realized niche.
79 citations
TL;DR: This species is evidently neither chasmogamous nor cleistogamous but is potentially either, and the balance between these two conditions is delicate and can be changed during floral initiation by the amount of available soil water crossing a determining threshold value.
Abstract: 1 Plants of Stipa leucotricha were grown under four different conditions of available soil water in porous unglazed clay pots and in glazed crocks In all cases the less the amount of soil water available to a plant, the higher its percentage of cleistogamy 2 This species is evidently neither chasmogamous nor cleistogamous but is potentially either The balance between these two conditions is delicate and can be changed during floral initiation by the amount of available soil water crossing a determining threshold value
62 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2020 | 2 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 2 |
| 2012 | 1 |