Abstract: It is shown that tubular structures arise in the solid state through close chalcogen-chalcogen (X...X) contacts. As examples a variety of cyclic systems containing sulfur and selenium centers is presented. Common to all of them are close contacts between the chalcogen centers of neighboring stacks giving rise to a zigzag or ladder-type arrangement. In the case of cyclic systems of ring size 24-33 the resulting tubes are able to include hydrocarbons as guest molecules. For 2,7-ditelluraocta-3,5-diyne (17) the close contacts between the tellurium centers of the acyclic C(2) symmetric building blocks generate a helical arrangement in which n-hexane was included. The favored X...X contacts can be traced back to np(X)-sigma*(X[bond]C) interactions.

Abstract: The review summarizes the results of studies in the field of development of efficient proceduresfor the synthesis of dialkyl chalcogenides, dialkyl dichalcogenides, vinyl and ethynyl chalcogenides, andselenium-, tellurium-, and silicon-containing heterocyclic compounds on the basis of elemental seleniumand tellurium.

Abstract: The synthesis of sulfur- and selenium-capped polyalkynes with two to four triple bonds was achieved. As starting materials the bis(trimethylsilyl)-protected polyalkynes were used, which were treated with MeLi/LiBr. The reaction of the resulting lithium salts with thiocyanatomethane and selenium/methyl iodide afforded 2(n) and 3(n), respectively. Spectroscopic (PE and UV) and quantum chemical investigations show significant interaction between the chalcogen atoms. The structure of 3(4) was investigated in the solid state, showing relatively short intermolecular Se···Se interactions.

Abstract: 4-Isopropyl-7-methoxy-1,3,2-benzodichalcogenastannoles and 2,2-bis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-1,3,2-benzodichalcogenatitanoles, a synthetic equivalent of unstable ortho-benzenedichalcogenol, were prepared from 2-isopropyl-5-methoxybenzenechalcogenols in moderate yields by ortho-lithiation, chalcogenation, and protection with dichlorodimethylstannane and bis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanocene dichloride, respectively. Some of the solid-state structures of the new-type stannoles and titannoles were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Transformation into 4-isopropyl-7-methoxy-1,2,3-benzotrichalcogenoles was successfully carried out, namely by reacting the stannoles or titannoles with electrophiles containing one sulfur or selenium unit. The molecular structures of the new trichalcogenoles were determined by NMR, IR, mass spectra, X-ray crystallographic analyses, and theoretical calculations. In particular, it was elucidated that heavier multi-chalcogen linkages, selenium-selenium and se...

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing a platinum group-chalcogen alloy useful as a highly functional material and a catalyst, and to provide a method of producing an oxide reaction product where olefine or the like and carboxylic acid or the like are brought into reaction with molecular oxygen using a platinum group-chalcogen alloy/inorganic porous carried catalyst SOLUTION: A 16N-NaOH aqueous solution is added to a spherical silica carrier impregnated with a palladium chloride-containing hydrochloric acid solution and a telluric acid aqueous solution, and alkali treatment is performed Thus, a palladium compound and a telluric compound are coprecipitated, and are adsorbed and carried on the surface of the spherical silica simple substance Next, the palladium compound and telluric compound sucked and carried on the spherical silica carrier are subjected to washing with distilled water, drying with gaseous nitrogen, and reduction treatment with hydrogen at 1N1/min to prepare a palladium-tellurium/silica-carried catalyst The palladium-tellurium/silica-carried catalyst acts as the catalyst with high activity in the case the converting reaction of butadiene into diacetoxy-butadiene is performed in the presence of molecular oxygen COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Abstract: In the synthesis of copper chalcopyrite solar absorbers the chalcogen source is always supplied in excess due to its low reactivity. This paper describes preliminary work aimed at addressing this issue through plasma processing. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was use to activate both sulfur and selenium vapors. First, the thermodynamic arguments for using activated chalcogens are presented. Next, this paper describes the experimental ICP setup and its characterization using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Stable discharges have been achieved with both sulfur and selenium vapors using argon as a carrier gas. The potential of this approach was demonstrated by converting indium films into In2Se3 and InSx. The indium samples were inserted into chalcogen-containing ICP plasmas. Through X-ray diffraction it was observed that chalcogen conversion was achieved in a matter of minutes at room temperature by plasma processing.

Abstract: Reductive cleavage of tellurium-tellurium bond in various 2,2'-dipyridyl ditellurides using hydrazine hydrate (100%) both in the presence and absence of phase transfer catalyst is reported. A tentative mechanism of the reaction is also proposed.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ferromagnetic alkali chalcogen compound capable of obtaining transparent ferromagnetic property which is completely spin-polarized by using an alkali chalcogen compound transmitting a light, and to provide a method of adjusting the ferromagnetic property thereof. SOLUTION: In the ferromagnetic alkali chalcogenide compound having ferromagnetic property, at least one kind of metal is selected from among a 3d transition metal element of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu; a 4d transition metal element of Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru or Rh; and a 5d transition metal element of Hf, Ta, W, Os, Re or Ir, or a lanthanum system rare earth element of Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu, to form a solid solution with the alkali chalcogenide compound having an inverse fluorite structure. Valence electron control is performed by adjusting the concentration of these metal elements, combining two or more metal elements, or adding an acceptor or a donor to adjust the ferromagnetic characteristic thereof. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Abstract: Disclosed is a transition-metal chalcogenide crystal having a topological configuration/structure. A micro-droplet of a chalcogen element, such as S, Se or Te, is condensed and circulated in suspended form in an atmosphere containing a Group IVb, Vb or VI transition metal element, such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti, Hf or W, together with the chalcogen element. Then, micro-whiskers of a transition metal chalcogenide formed in the atmosphere are attached onto a surface of the chalcogen-element micro-droplet by the action of a surface tension of the micro-droplet, and grown as a loop-shaped crystal wound around the surface of the micro-droplet to obtain a loop-shaped crystal having a twist of 0, π or 2π. The crystal has a ribbon-like open or closed loop configuration. The transition-metal chalcogenide crystal with the topological loop-shaped microstructure can exhibit original properties peculiar to each transition-metal chalcogenide, and has applicability, for example, to a quantum device, such as SQUID.

Abstract: Sufur-selenium, sulfur-tellurium, selenium-tellurium, and sulfur-selenium-tellurium mixtures readily dissolve in the hydrazine hydrate-alkali system to form chalcogenide anions. Alkylation of the latter with ethyl bromide results in preferential formation of diethyl disulfide, diethyl diselenide, and diethyl ditelluride. Tellurium reacts with dichloromethane in the presence of sulfur, yielding poly(methylene ditelluride), the reaction in the presence of selenium gives rise to poly(methylene selenotellurides), while in the sulfurselenium-tellurium mixture polymers containing all the components are formed.

Abstract: A correlation of interatomic distances (d/A), chalcogen-chlorine bond stretching frequencies (v/cm−1) and 35Cl NQR frequencies (MHz) has been performed for crystals of chalcogen chloride complexes of gold(III) and osmium(IV). A conclusion has been drawn as to the functional peculiarities of chalcogen chloride molecules being part of complexes. The state of the complexes under investigation in nonaqueous polar solvents has been studied using Raman spectroscopic and conductometric methods; the form of the species formed in solutions has been established. New ionic liquids — reagents for the comprehensive processing of raw materials containing noble metals — are proposed.

Abstract: The molecular structure of novel five-membered trichalcogenaheterocycles with three different chalcogen atoms, sulfur, selenium and tellurium, has been determined by crystallographic studies.

Abstract: Structure of Cu ions in (Cl+Cu)-, (Br+Cu)-, (I+Cu)-, (S+Cu)- and (Se+Cu)-ion implanted silica glasses has been studied by x-ray absorption and optical absorption spectroscopies. Cu ions formed Cu-O bonds in the as-implanted glasses, due to the homogeneous distribution of Cu ions and the low local concentration of halogen and chalcogen ions in silica glass. Heat treatment at about 600oC caused the formation of bonds between Cu ions and halogen/chalcogen ions without forming Cu halide or chalcogenide crystals. It was deduced that the formation of these bonds was controlled by the diffusion of Cu ions in silica glass. On the other hands, it was inferred that the formation of Cu halide and chalcogenide crystals was controlled not only by the diffusion of halogen/chalcogen ions but also by the diffusion of matrix ions.

Abstract: New reactions and molecular self-assemblies based on intra- and intermolecular interactions, especially σ*-n orbital interactions, between chalcogen atoms are described. The article includes the following topics. (1) Intramolecular interaction between sulfonium and sulfide sulfur atoms in the reaction of 1, 2-bis (benzylthio) benzene monooxide with triflic anhydride to generate benzodithiete via a dithia dication. (2) Intermolecular interaction between sulfonium and sulfide sulfur atoms in the reaction of p-bis (benzylthio) -aromatic monooxide with trifluoroacetic anhydride to form cyclic bis (disulfide) dimer or cyclic tetrakis (disulfide) tetramer via a cyclic bis (dithia dication) dimer. (3) Interaction of tellurium atom of cationic tetraaryl ditelluroxane with oxygen atom of diaryl telluroxide to produce oligotelluroxane with hypervalent Te-O apical linkages in the main chain. (4) Interaction of tellurium atom of cationic tetraaryl ditelluroxane with oxygen atom of phthalate to form macrocyclic multi-tellurane with hypervalent Te-O apical linkages.

Abstract: Production of nanoparticles (A) of metal chalcogenides having a lamellar structure involves pyrolysis of a liquid aerosol obtained by spraying a solution of precursor(s) of the metal and chalcogen (or separate precursor(s) of the metal and of the chalcogen) in a solvent as fine suspended droplets into a carrier gas. (A) in the form of in the form of 'nanoboxes' are new. Production of nanoparticles (A) of metal chalcogenides having a lamellar structure, of formula M aX b (I), involves pyrolysis of a liquid aerosol obtained by spraying a solution of precursor(s) of M and X (or precursor(s) of M and precursor(s) of X) in a solvent as fine suspended droplets into a carrier gas. M : metal; X : chalcogen; a, b : proportions of M and X respectively. An independent claim is included for nanoparticles (A') of metal chalogenides of formula MX 2 (I'), in the form of 'nanoboxes', i.e. generally hollow, close, rectangular, right-angled parallelepipedes.

Abstract: This thesis describes the syntheses of di- und polynuclear copper complexes containing bis(diorganochalcogenophosphorus)amid and bidentate amine (e. g. 4,4'-bipyridine) ligands. Depending on the nature of the chalcogen-containing ligand two types of structures are formed. One-dimensional chains are found if the two chalcogen atoms are different, whereas dinuclear complexes are formed employing ligands with identical chalcogen atoms. The nature of the bidentate amine has no influence on the general structure. Molecular structures of the compounds described here were determined be X-ray studies.

Abstract: Ab initio density-functional theory is used to investigate the electron donor levels of substitutional pnictogen (nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony) and chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) defects in diamond Complexes with a single hydrogen atom are also considered It is found that arsenic and antimony possess donor levels shallower than phosphorus, which so far is the most effective shallow donor found by experiment