TL;DR: The history of imaging in orthodontics from the invention of the cephalometer by B. Holly Broadbent in 1930 to the introduction of low-cost, low-radiation-dose cone-beam computed tomography imaging in 2015 is traced.
TL;DR: Serial investigations of a variety of congenital deformities of the brain case and facial skeleton were presented to demonstrate the value of these techniques in the study of abnormal patterns of growth of the head in infants and small children.
TL;DR: The cephalometer became a means of unmasking a patient's whole developmental pattern, becoming the authors' most important diagnostic tool since study models.
TL;DR: A cranio-facial anatomic simulator with a cephalometer is described in this paper, where the mandibular portion is mounted together with the craniomaxillary portion in a manner which simulates the excursive movement of the temporomandibular joint and the masseteric sling providing both rotational and translational motion.
Abstract: A craniofacial anatomic simulator with cephalometer is disclosed and omnidirectional osteogenesis is provided as an example thereof. The craniofacial anatomic simulator (CAS) includes an articulator in which a stereolithographic medical model is mounted. The medical model hereof is modified for this purpose so that the mandibular portion is mounted together with the craniomaxillary portion in a manner which simulates the excursive movement of the temporomandibular joint and the masseteric sling providing both rotational and translational motion. The cephalometer consists of three digital calipers that provide locational data—height, depth and lateral position for any point on the stereolithographic model.
TL;DR: The unit, which is a further development of the research cephalometer described by Bjork (1968), features improved control of the positioning of the patient, digital exposure control, and a number of technical innovations to facilitate the operation of the system.
Abstract: The paper describes a multi-projection cephalometer developed for research and hospital environments. The unit, which is a further development of the research cephalometer described by Bjork (1968), features improved control of the positioning of the patient, digital exposure control, and a number of technical innovations to facilitate the operation of the system.