Cephalogram

Abstract: The present study aimed to provide a version of the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method for the detection of the peak in mandibular growth based on the analysis of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae in a single cephalogram. The morphology of the bodies of the second (odontoid process, C2), third (C3), and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae were analyzed in six consecutive cephalometric observations (T1 through T6) of 30 orthodontically untreated subjects. Observations for each subject consisted of two consecutive cephalograms comprising the interval of maximum mandibular growth (as assessed by means of the maximum increment in total mandibular length, Co-Gn), together with two earlier consecutive cephalograms and two later consecutive cephalograms. The analysis consisted of both visual and cephalometric appraisals of morphological characteristics of the three cervical vertebrae. The construction of the new version of the CVM method was based on the results of both ANOVA for repeated ...

Abstract: We investigated the frequency, site, amount, and direction of facial asymmetry in human adults with mandibular prognathism and examined if these characteristics were associated postnatally with cardinal clinical signs that may indicate a predisposition to facial asymmetry. Two hundred twenty young Japanese adults (69 men and 151 women) who exhibited skeletal Class III malocclusions were selected. The sample was divided into a Postnatal Factor Group and a Nonpostnatal Factor Group. The former group included those who had: (1) received orthodontic treatment using a chin cap; (2) exhibited clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder; (3) reported a history of maxillofacial trauma; or (4) radiographic abnormality of the condyles. Subjects with a deviation of more than 2 mm from the facial midline associated with any of the 4 landmarks (ANS, U1, L1 and Me) were classified as asymmetric and the asymmetry was measured on a postero-anterior (P-A) cephalogram. Radiographic facial asymmetry was found frequently (70%-85%, for Menton), and most obviously in the lower jaw (P < .05). Lateral displacement toward the left side of the face occurred more often than right-sided deviation (P < .001, for Menton). However, the Postnatal Factor Group showed a higher proportion of subjects with lateral deviation toward the right side (P = .0031) and a greater amount (P < .0001) of chin deviation. This was due to the fact that the subjects having TMJ problems as a postnatal factor showed no directional uniqueness in jaw deviation and exhibited a longer distance of deviation.