Abstract: A method for manufacturing a removable dental prosthesis using a three-dimensional (3D) printer includes receiving dental impressions of a patient obtained using a dental impression tray assembly, the dental impressions including a bite registration and at least a mandibular impression or a maxillary impression; receiving information related to the patient's jaw relations obtained using the dental impression tray assembly, the jaw relations including a vertical dimension and a centric relation obtained during the patient's single visit to a dentist; scanning the received dental impressions with a 3D scanner to provide data representative of an edentulous shape of the patient; generating a 3D model of the dental prosthesis based on the data and the received information related to the patient's jaw relations using 3D design software; displaying the generated 3D model on a display, allowing customization of the 3D model; and 3D printing the dental prosthesis according to the 3D model.

Abstract: Introduction: To investigate dentofacial characteristics of orthodontic patients with centric relation (CR)–maximum intercuspation (MI) discrepancy and to analyze changes in dentofacial characteristics between CR and MI positions in these patients using lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods: Adult female patients were classified into two groups: large CR-MI discrepancy (greater than 2.0 mm horizontal or vertical mandibular incisor movements during CR to MI change, n = 20) and small CR-MI discrepancy (less than 1.0 mm horizontal and vertical mandibular incisor movements during CR to MI change, n = 22). All subjects underwent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging prior to treatment. Gnathological stabilizing splints were used to find a reliable CR position in patients with large CR-MI discrepancy. Sixteen variables from lateral cephalograms were analyzed to identify differences in cephalometric variables between CR and MI positions in patients with large discrepancy. Di...

Abstract: Objective: Facial-type−associated variations in diagnostic features have several implications in orthodontics. For example, in hyperdivergent craniofacial types, growth imbalances are compensated by displacement of the condyle. When diagnosis and treatment planning involves centric relation (CR), detailed knowledge of the condylar position is desirable. The present study aimed to measure condylar displacement (CD) between CR and maximum intercuspation in three facial types of an asymptomatic orthodontic population. Methods: The study was conducted in 108 patients classified into three groups of 36 individuals each (27 women and 9 men; mean age, 20.5 years), based on the following facial patterns: hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and intermediate. To quantify CD along the horizontal and vertical axes, the condylar position was analyzed using mounted casts on a semi-adjustable articulator and a mandibular position indicator. The Student t-test was used to compare CD between the groups. Results: Vertical displacement was found to be significantly different between the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups (p < 0.0002) and between the hyperdivergent and intermediate groups (p < 0.0006). The differences in horizontal displacement were not significant between the groups. In each group, vertical CD was more evident than horizontal displacement was. Conclusions: All facial types, especially the hyperdivergent type, carried a significantly high risk of CD. Therefore, the possibility of CD should be carefully evaluated and considered in the assessment of all orthodontic cases in order to accurately assess jaw relationships and avoid possible misdiagnosis. [Korean J Orthod 2014;44(6):312-319]

Abstract: Objective: The method and consistency of finding centric relation (CR) is highly controversial. This study evaluated the relative condylar locations generated by five different CR interocclusal recording

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to evaluate effects of different registration positions on the condyle-disk position changes in the mandibular fossa in symptomatic individuals. Study Design Vertical and sagittal condyle position and thickness of the bilaminar zone were measured by magnetic resonance imaging during maximal intercuspation (MI) and with jigs in Gothic arch tracing guided centric relation (DIR method [Dynamics and Intraoral Registration]) and retruded contact position (RCP). Participants were 26 patients seeking treatment for temporomandibular disorders. Condyle and disk position in the fossa were calculated in the parasagittal plane. Results Significant differences were found for MI, DIR, and RCP for thickness of bilaminar zone and sagittal condyle position, dependent on diagnosis and registration position for vertical and sagittal condyle position and thickness of bilaminar zone. Conclusions DIR position ensures the widest posterior space for the retrodiskal tissues and the slightest sagittal difference between condyle zenith and glenoid fossa.

Abstract: Aim This clinical report describes a time-saving recording procedure for implant prosthesis. Background In implant prosthodontics, a few procedures have been suggested to record jaw relationships. Record bases with occlusion rims supported by healing abutments, or screw retained bases are the conventional methods used for mounting definitive implant casts in the articulator. Conclusion The method described in this article reduces the chair time and is comfortable for both the patient and clinician. Clinical significance In this article, a chair side technique is presented for articulating the definitive implant casts that maintains the established OVD and CR of the patient's existing complete dentures.

Abstract: Full mouth rehabilitation involving an increase in vertical dimension of occlusion presents lacunae in accurate and definite transfer of diagnosed and verified vertical dimension of occlusion, biologically compatible with the stomatognathic system Currently, vertical dimension to be incorporated within the restorations is done arbitrarily by adjustment of vertical pin of articulators in the laboratory, which is graduated in difference of a minimum of 1 mm This article describes an innovative and extended use of a diagnostic occlusal splint to overcome the lacunae The technique utilizes the diagnostic occlusal splint to transfer vertical dimensions at various stages of mounting of working casts thereby incorporating the clinically verified vertical dimensions in the final prosthesis The technique involves splitting the diagnostic occlusal splint into anterior and posterior half On the posterior half further centric relation records are then made At the same time the technique described eliminates errors incorporated as a result of frequent use of face bow index record and/or arbitrary adjustment of the articulator as well as the difference between clinical determination of vertical dimension and the arbitrary laboratory adjustment on the articulator

Abstract: The prosthetic management of a poor implant treatment is presented in this case report. The recommended occlusion concepts for implant-supported prostheses were applied for the resolution of the case. The rehabilitation of the posterior segments provided a mutually protected occlusion with adequate distribution of the axial and lateral bite forces with stable posterior occlusion. The clinical exam indicated the need for modification in the vertical dimension of occlusion. Sufficient interocclusal rest space was present to test the alteration in the vertical dimension. The aim was to achieve an occlusion scheme that followed four specific criteria: (1) centric contacts and centric relation of the jaw-to-jaw position; (2) anterior guidance only; (3) shallow anterior angle of tooth contact; and (4) vertical dimension of occlusion with acceptable tooth form and guidance. The success of an oral rehabilitation relies in following the aforementioned criteria, appropriate interaction between the dental laboratory technician and the clinician, careful elaboration of the provisional rehabilitation with all the desired details to be reproduced in the final prosthetic restoration and sufficient follow-up time of the provisional prostheses before placing the final restoration.

Abstract: An accurate determination, recording and transfer of jaw relation records from patients to the articulator is essential for the dental restoration function, facial appearance and maintenance of patient’s oral health. As unsatisfactory maxilla-mandibular relationship will eventually lead to failure of complete dentures and necessitate time consuming and costly repairs. Facebow plays an integral part of this maxilla-mandibular relationship transfer from the patient mouth to that of the articulator. Thus, this article attempts to discuss the facebow and its significance in dental restoration treatment. Maxilla is a part of the cranium and is a fixed entity. When the teeth of both jaws come in contact, maxilla becomes related to the mandible so that entire craniomaxillary complex is articulated with a moving bone, which is the mandible. The opening movement to bring the jaw from occlusal to rest position is almost a pure hinge movement. Here the mandible moves on an arc of a circle with a definite radius from the temporomandibular joint. This path of the condyle is determined by the curvature of the condylar head and the curvature of glenoid fossa. Since the radius is not constant for all the patients, it has to be determined for every individual patient, i.e., the relation of maxilla to the opening and closing axis has to be determined. The upper jaw in the human skull is positioned uniquely to the lower jaw. This position is different for every person., Also , the anatomy of maxilla and the temporomandibular joint varies from persons to persons. Thus, recording of the orientation jaw relationship is very important which is done with the help of facebow record. Certain terminologies (according To GPT-8) are important to know the importance of facebow. Hinge axis defined as an imaginary line passing through the two mandibular condyles around which the mandible rotates without translatory movement. Gnathological society defines it as imaginary line connecting the center of one condyle to the center of rotation of the other Like centric relation ,hinge axis is Stable ,Learnable, Recordable, Reproducible and Repeatable. Terminal hinge axis defined as when the condyles are in their most superior position in the articular fossa and the mouth is purely rotated open, the axis around which movement occurs is called as Terminal hinge axis.Clinical Use Of Terminal Hinge Axis is firstly is the location of the transverse hinge axis serves only to orientate the maxilla and to record the static starting point for functional mandibular movements. It does not record centric relation or condylar movements. Secondly it ,allows the transfer of the opening axis of jaws to the articulator so that occlusion would be on the same arc of closure as in the patients mouth. Therefore it is used as an important reference in mounting casts in the articulator, so that the opening axis of the articulator coincides with the terminal hinge axis of the patient. And this axis can be located when the mandible is in its most posterior unstrained position by means of a Face bow. I. Face Bow The face bow is a caliper like device that is used to record the relationship of the jaws to the temporomandibular joints or the opening axis of the jaws and to orient the casts in the same relationship to the opening axis of the articulator.The term, “face bow,” probably evolved from a statement by A.D. Grit man, who described the “implement devised by Prof. Snow. as a bow of metal (that) reaches around the face. Face bow record is used in balanced occlusion in complete denture, in edentulous Class I & II cases, Open anterior bite or end to end relationship, Single restoration on II molar not for premolar and I molar, Segmental restoration, Anterior restoration and restoration of entire quadrant Significance of Facebow for Dental Restorations www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page II. Parts Of Face Bow It is constructed in 3 bars, 1 anterior, 2 lateral. TABLE-1 PARTS OF FACEBOW

Abstract: Centric relation (CR) is the treatment position of choice when placing removable prosthodontics. The most common method for achieving CR in cases of removable prosthodontics is the bilateral manipulation technique. However, this technique's success depends on the dentist's experience, as it can be hard to perform when patients are stressed and/or uncooperative. Using the chin point guidance technique with an anterior deprogrammer--mainly with fixed prosthodontics--is more predictable and accurate as it achieves CR through temporomandibular joint muscle relaxation. This case report illustrates how an anterior deprogrammer can be used in a combination case such as a maxillary complete denture opposing a mandibular removable partial denture.

Abstract: Excessive teeth abrasion causes pathologic changes of oral environment and masticatory system due to decrease in occlusal vertical dimension. When establishing new occlusal plane and recovering vertical dimension, accurate diagnosis and analysis are essential. In this case, after appropriate centric relation in elevated vertical dimension was taken using Gothic arch tracer, full mouth rehabilitation was performed. A 70-year-old male patient had the chief complaint that he could not eat due to teeth wear. He showed generalized teeth wear and decreased vertical dimension. Elevation of vertical dimension was planned by model analysis. According to increased vertical dimension, centric relation was recorded using Gothic arch tracer and temporary prostheses were applied. Appropriate occlusion was established by temporary prostheses for 4 months. Final prostheses were fabricated using vertical dimension adapted by temporary prostheses. Through this procedure, satisfactory outcomes were achieved both in functional and esthetic aspects. (J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci 2014;30(4):315-23)

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the displacement of the condyle and dental arches with the record of an immediate deprogramming splint one month after the use of the splint in TMJ symptomatic patients. Material and methods: The records of 15 symptomatic patients who were subjected to a questionnaire and clinical evaluation for their inclusion in the study were used. Casts were mounted from three records: 1) maximum intercuspation, 2) centric relation with Roth power centric bite, and 3) centric relation a month after the daily use of the splint. Condylar position of the right and left side in horizontal and vertical was measured and compared as well as the vertical and horizontal overbite in each of the three records. Results: There were no significant differences in the results obtained from the records made in centric relation with an immediate splint and in centric relation after the use of the occlusal splint. However, it was found that there is a considerable discrepancy in the condylar and dental displacement in a position of maximum intercuspation and in centric relation after the use of the splint, as well as an improvement in the patients’ symptoms with the use of that device. Conclusions: Cast mounting on the articulator is recommended for diagnostic purposes, in the measurement of condylar position and the use of splint in patients with TMJ pain to identify more reliably the goals to consider during and by means of orthodontic treatment. Otherwise they could be masked and determine a different course in treatment planning.

Abstract: Starting point for this study was the assumption that centric slide could be an etiologic factor for a temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Centric slide must be considered as the mismatch between the ideal condylar alignment in the fossa and the maximal intercuspal position. Centric slide may be measured intraorally with a millimeter ruler or with plaster models mounted in an articulator. The former technique seems not very precise because the operator needs to make an interpretation of the increments in millimeters on the ruler and is a 2-dimensional approach. The latter technique demands sophisticated articulator equipment to measure the centric slide 3-dimensionally. There is no validated reference position for mounted models in an articulator; the operator may choose one of 7 different definitions of centric relation as provided in the Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms, or the maximal intercuspal position. The most recent definition of centric relation can be achieved with 2 different methods: bimanual manipulation or with a leaf gauge. Reproducibility of bimanual manipulation has been tested, reproducibility of the method with a leaf gauge lacks in the current literature. Evidence of reproducibility is not satisfactory to validate a reference position. A construct validity of a method to locate centric relation with a leaf gauge and elevator muscle contraction appears to be the most preferable choice to test reproducibility of musculoskeletally stable centric relation position. Evidence of reproducibility makes the method to locate this musculoskeletally stable centric relation position eligible to be tested in a randomized clinical trial to prove validity of this potential treatment position of choice.

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the displacement of the condyle and dental arches with the record of an immediate deprogramming splint one month after the use of the splint in TMJ symptomatic patients Material and methods: The records of 15 symptomatic patients who were subjected to a questionnaire and clinical evaluation for their inclusion in the study were used Casts were mounted from three records: 1) maximum intercuspation, 2) centric relation with Roth power centric bite, and 3) centric relation a month after the daily use of the splint Condylar position of the right and left side in horizontal and vertical was measured and compared as well as the vertical and horizontal overbite in each of the three records Results: There were no signifi cant differences in the results obtained from the records made in centric relation with an immediate splint and in centric relation after the use of the occlusal splint However, it was found that there is a considerable discrepancy in the condylar and dental displacement in a position of maximum intercuspation and in centric relation after the use of the splint, as well as an improvement in the patients’ symptoms with the use of that device Conclusions: Cast mounting on the articulator is recommended for diagnostic purposes, in the measurement of condylar position and the use of splint in patients with TMJ pain to identify more reliably the goals to consider during and by means of orthodontic treatment Otherwise they could be masked and determine a different course in treatment planning

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular condylar position between two centric relation recording methods: Active self-induced type and chin-point manipulation. Method: In a convenient sample of 9 subjects (5 females and 4 males), the condylar position variation was determined in the 18 temporomandibular joints by means of a spiral tomography radiographic technique. To standardize the thickness of the registration material, a Neff anterior deprogramming appliance was used. Results: It was observed that with the chin-point technique, the condyle adopted a significantly more superior (72.2%) and posterior (55.6%) position compared to the active self-induced technique (p<0.001, t-test). Regarding magnitudes, chinpoint produced an average of 1.5mm cephalic and 1.1mm posterior displacements, using the position obtained with the active self-induced technique as a reference. Conclusions: Chin-point technique generates a more superior and posterior condylar position that the one determined by the active self-induced. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral Vol. 7(1); 21-24, 2014.

Abstract: Jaw-closing movements are basic components of physiological motor actions precisely achieving intercuspation without significant interference. The main purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that, despite an imperfect intercuspal position, the precision of jaw-closing movements fluctuates within the range of physiological closing movements indispensable for meeting intercuspation without significant interference. For 35 healthy subjects, condylar and incisal point positions for fast and slow jaw-closing, interrupted at different jaw gaps by the use of frontal occlusal plateaus, were compared with uninterrupted physiological jaw closing, with identical jaw gaps, using a telemetric system for measuring jaw position. Examiner-guided centric relation served as a clinically relevant reference position. For jaw gaps ≤4 mm, no significant horizontal or vertical displacement differences were observed for the incisal or condylar points among physiological, fast, and slow jaw-closing. However, the jaw positions under these three closing conditions differed significantly from guided centric relation for nearly all experimental jaw gaps. The findings provide evidence of stringent neuromuscular control of jaw-closing movements in the vicinity of intercuspation. These results might be of clinical relevance to occlusal intervention with different objectives.