Topic
Cell Maintenance
About: Cell Maintenance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24 publications have been published within this topic receiving 339 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Accounting for transport and maintenance costs substantially improves the accuracy of fluxes predicted from a flux balance model of heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells in culture, irrespective of the objective function used in the analysis.
Abstract: Flux balance models of metabolism generally utilize synthesis of biomass as the main determinant of intracellular fluxes. However, the biomass constraint alone is not sufficient to predict realistic fluxes in central heterotrophic metabolism of plant cells because of the major demand on the energy budget due to transport costs and cell maintenance. This major limitation can be addressed by incorporating transport steps into the metabolic model and by implementing a procedure that uses Pareto optimality analysis to explore the trade-off between ATP and NADPH production for maintenance. This leads to a method for predicting cell maintenance costs on the basis of the measured flux ratio between the oxidative steps of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. We show that accounting for transport and maintenance costs substantially improves the accuracy of fluxes predicted from a flux balance model of heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells in culture, irrespective of the objective function used in the analysis. Moreover, when the new method was applied to cells under control, elevated temperature and hyper-osmotic conditions, only elevated temperature led to a substantial increase in cell maintenance costs. It is concluded that the hyper-osmotic conditions tested did not impose a metabolic stress, in as much as the metabolic network is not forced to devote more resources to cell maintenance.
129 citations
TL;DR: It is found that IL- 6 signaling is required for both induction and maintenance of mouse TH17 cells; IL-6Rα–deficient TH17 Cells rapidly lost their TH17 phenotype and did not cause disease in two models of colitis.
Abstract: Acting in concert with TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling induces T helper 17 (TH17) cell development by programming TH17-related genes via signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). A role for IL-6 signaling beyond the inductive phase of TH17 cell development has not been defined because IL-23 signaling downstream of TH17 cell induction also activates STAT3 and is thought responsible for TH17 cell maintenance. Here, we find that IL-6 signaling is required for both induction and maintenance of mouse TH17 cells; IL-6Rα-deficient TH17 cells rapidly lost their TH17 phenotype and did not cause disease in two models of colitis. Cotransfer of wild-type TH17 cells with IL-6Rα-deficient TH17 cells induced colitis but was unable to rescue phenotype loss of the latter. High IL-6 expression in the colon promoted classic, or cis, rather than transreceptor signaling that was required for maintenance of TH17 cells. Thus, ongoing classic IL-6 signaling underpins the TH17 program and is required for TH17 cell maintenance and function.
96 citations
TL;DR: The definition of endogenous processes is identified, and state-of-the-art information about these processes is summarized, and the development of determining maintenance energy and decay rate of bacteria in BWTSs is outlined.
Abstract: Microbiological endogenous processes in biological wastewater treatment systems (BWTSs) refer to combinations of biological and ecological mechanisms and processes, including endogenous respiration/cell maintenance, cell decay, death-regeneration/cryptic growth, predation on bacteria by higher microorganisms, and cell lysis due to viral attack or adverse environmental conditions (pH, toxic substances, temperature and others), which have significant effects on almost all aspects of BWTSs. However, the current state of knowledge about endogenous processes is very limited. With this review article, the definition of endogenous processes is identified and summarized. Based on a review of the relevant literature, the endogenous processes in BWTSs are classified at two microbial levels, a cell level and a community level. At the cell level, each living microbial cell needs a certain amount of energy to satisfy cell maintenance; the community level reveals interactions between microorganisms and operating parame...
88 citations
TL;DR: Besides its role in fine-tuning the precise level of Sox2, Ube2s reinforces the self-renewing and pluripotent state of ES cells and represses Sox2-mediated ES cell differentiation toward the neural ectodermal lineage.
Abstract: Sox2 has a critical role in embryonic stem (ES) cell maintenance and differentiation. Interestingly, its activity is highly dosage-dependent. Although transcriptional regulation of Sox2 has been extensively studied, the mechanisms orchestrating its degradation remain unclear. In this study, we identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (Ube2s) as a novel effector for Sox2 protein degradation. Ube2s mediates K11-linked polyubiquitin chain formation at the Sox2-K123 residue, thus marking it for proteasome-mediated degradation. Besides its role in fine-tuning the precise level of Sox2, Ube2s reinforces the self-renewing and pluripotent state of ES cells. Importantly, it also represses Sox2-mediated ES cell differentiation toward the neural ectodermal lineage.
55 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that isoprenoid-dependent posttranslational lipid modifications dictate eTreg cell accumulation and function by intersecting with TCR-induced intracellular signaling.
41 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1 |
| 2020 | 4 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 3 |
| 2015 | 3 |