TL;DR: Cordell D. K. Yee et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a survey of Cartographic Historiography in East Asia, focusing on Chinese Cartography in political culture.
Abstract: Preface (by David Woodward) 1 Prehistoric Cartography in Asia (by Catherine Delano Smith) The Mapping Impulse in Prehistoric Art Picture Maps Plan Maps Celestial Maps Cosmological Maps Problems of Interpretation 2 Introduction to East Asian Cartography (by Nathan Sivin and Gari Ledyard) Scope The Variety of East Asia Terms Contents Historiography The Means and Ends of Cartography Text and Map Implications CARTOGRAPHY IN CHINA 3. Reinterpreting Traditional Chinese Geographical Maps (by Cordell D. K. Yee) Chinese Mapping: A Mathematical Tradition? The Use and Abuse of Cartographic History: Flaws in the Quantitative Approach Toward a Revision of the Chinese Map Tradition 4. Chinese Maps in Political Culture (by Cordell D. K. Yee) Maps, Ritual, and Warfare Political Culture and Documentary Scholarship Maps in Han Political Culture The Continuity of Qin and Han Practices Astrology and Celestial Mapping in Political Culture The Proliferation of Geographic Records Gazetteer Maps Maps, Scholarship, and Cultural Continuity 5. Taking the World's Measure: Chinese Maps between Observation and Text (by Cordell D. K. Yee) The Government Interest in Measurement Water Conservancy and Cartography Evidentiary Scholarship and Cartography Maps, Measurement, and Text Number and Text in Pei Xiu's Cartography Text and Measurement in Later Cartography The Shape of the World: Observation versus Text The Cartographic Grid 6. Chinese Cartography among the Arts: Objectivity, Subjectivity, Representation (by Cordell D. K. Yee) The Relation between Art and Reality Literature, Maps, and Representation of the Material World The Dual Function of Representation in Literature Painting and Representation The Artistic Economy: Common Technologies of Production Cartography and the Visual Arts: Conceptual and Stylistic Connections Maps as Paintings/Paintings as Maps Toward a Redefinition of the Map Combining Fact and Value 7. Traditional Chinese Cartography and the Myth of Westernization (by Cordell D. K. Yee) The Introduction of European Cartography European Cartography and Qing Mapping Gauging the Extent of Western Influence Late Qing Manifestations of European Influence 8. Chinese Cosmographical Thought: The High Intellectual Tradition (by John B. Henderson) Foundations of Geometric and Nonary Cosmography Schematic Arrangements of Various Types of Space Geomancy and Its Relation to Cosmography Later Modifications and Criticisms of Traditional Cosmographical Schemata Countercosmography and Anticosmography in Qing Thought 9. Concluding Remarks: Foundations for a Future History of Chinese Mapping (by Cordell D. K. Yee) CARTOGRAPHY IN KOREA, JAPAN, AND VIETNAM 10. Cartography in Korea (by Gari Ledyard) The Present State of Korean Cartographic Research Korean Maps before the Fifteenth Century World Maps and East Asia Regional Maps The Foundations of Korean Cartography The Shape of Korea Local, Regional, and Defense Maps The Historical and Social Setting of Korean Cartography 11. Cartography in Japan (by Kazutaka Unno) Introduction: The Main Mapping Traditions Ancient and Medieval Japanese Cartography before the Edo Period Early Assimilation of European Cartography The State and Cartography Development of the Printed Map Trade Japanese Cartography and "Dutch Learning" Japanese Mapping of Their Northern Frontier and Coastlines 12. Cartography in Vietnam (by John K. Whitmore) Cosmography Maps of Dai Viet Itineraries of Dai Viet Maps of Dai Nam CELESTIAL MAPPING IN EAST ASIA 13. Chinese and Korean Star Maps and Catalogs (by F. Richard Stephenson) Independent Developments in Chinese Celestial Cartography The Beginnings of Celestial Cartography in China The Constellations as Envisaged during the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties and the Chunqiu Period (ca. 1027-468 B.C.) Celestial Cartography in the Zhanguo Period (403-221 B.C.) The Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C.-A.D. 220) The Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty (220-618) The Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties Period (618-960) The Song and Contemporary Dynasties (960-1279) The Yuan and Ming Dynasties (1279-1644) Celestial Cartography in Korea The Jesuit Contribution 14. Japanese Celestial Cartography before the Meiji Period (by Kazuhiko Miyajima) Celestial Maps in Antiquity and the Middle Ages Celestial Maps in the Edo Period Hoshi Mandaras Aboriginal Celestial Cartography CARTOGRAPHY IN GREATER TIBET AND MONGOLIA 15. Maps of Greater Tibet (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) Cosmographic Maps Geographical Maps Mongolian Cartography (by G. Henrik Herb) CARTOGRAPHY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 16. Introduction to Southeast Asian Cartography (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) The State of Our Knowledge The Nature of the Southeast Asian Cartographic Corpus 17. Cosmography in Southeast Asia (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) Tribal Cosmographies Buddhist and Hindu Cosmographies Astronomy, Astrology, Geomancy, and Mental Maps in Relation to Fields of Cosmic Force 18. Southeast Asian Geographical Maps (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) A Map of the Greater Part of Asia Maps of Countries and Regions Route Maps Maps of Primarily Rural Localities Maps of Primarily Urban Localities 19. Southeast Asian Nautical Maps (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) 20. Conclusion to Southeast Asian Cartography (by Joseph E. Schwartzberg) Nature and Distribution of the Surviving Corpus Physical Attributes of Southeast Asian Maps Cartographic Attributes of Southeast Asian Maps Future Tasks 21. Concluding Remarks (by David Woodward, Cordell D. K. Yee, and Joseph E. Schwartzberg) European and Asian Cartographies Compared Map and Text Representing the Physical and Metaphysical World A Tentative Typology Future Needs Toward a New Cartographic Historicism Editors, Authors, and Project Staff Bibliographical Index General Index (by Ellen D. Goldlust)
TL;DR: Star maps and globes are wonderfully intriguing and devilishly difficult to decipher. When were they made, where and by whom, and to what extent did they serve astronomical, astrological, pedagogical a...
Abstract: Star maps and globes are wonderfully intriguing and devilishly difficult to decipher. When were they made, where and by whom? To what extent did they serve astronomical, astrological, pedagogical a...
TL;DR: In this article, an automatic introduction of a target celestial object by controlling a rotation of an astronomical telescope around at least two axes is proposed, where the alignment process is executed by defining a coordinate transformation information of a coordinate system in the astronomical telescope relative to a celestial coordinate system based on the position information of the identified celestial object.
Abstract: An automatic introduction apparatus for automatically introducing a target celestial object by controlling a rotation of an astronomical telescope around at least two axes comprises: an image-capturing means capable of capturing an image of a celestial object at a plurality of focal distances; a celestial object database; an image processing section for extracting a set of information of each celestial object from the image of celestial object captured by the image-capturing means; and a celestial object identification means for identifying the celestial object whose image has been captured, by comparing the information of each celestial object extracted by the image processing sections with the celestial object information stored in the celestial object database. The alignment process is executed by defining a coordinate transformation information of a coordinate system in the astronomical telescope relative to a celestial coordinate system based on the position information of the identified celestial object. In the automatic introduction, after the introduction of the target celestial object, an image of celestial object is captured, the celestial object in the captured image of celestial object is identified, and the astronomical telescope is controlled by rotating it around two axes so that the target celestial object can be introduced into the center of field based on the position information for the identified celestial object. The alignment precision and the automatic introduction precision can be improved by shifting the focal distance of the image-capturing means in a step-by-step manner toward the telescopic field side.
TL;DR: The star atlas included in the medieval Chinese manuscript Or.3326 as discussed by the authors is the only known pictorial representation of Chinese constellations and is the earliest complete preserved star map known from any civilisation.
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the star atlas included in the medieval Chinese manuscript Or.8210/S.3326 discovered in 1907 by the archaeologist Aurel Stein at the Silk Road town of Dunhuang and now housed in the British Library. Although partially studied by a few Chinese scholars, it has never been fully displayed and discussed in the Western world. This set of sky maps (12 hour-angle maps in quasi-cylindrical projection and a circumpolar map in azimuthal projection), displaying the full sky visible from the Northern Hemisphere, is up to now the oldest complete preserved star atlas known from any civilisation. It is also the earliest known pictorial representation of the quasi-totality of Chinese constellations. This paper describes the history of the physical object—a roll of thin paper drawn with ink. We analyse the stellar content of each map (1,339 stars, 257 asterisms) and the texts associated with the maps. We establish the precision with which the maps were drawn (1.5-4° for the brightest stars) and examine the type of projections used. We conclude that precise mathematical methods were used to produce the Atlas. We also discuss the dating of the manuscript and its possible author, and we confirm the date +649-684 (early Tang Dynasty) as most probable based on the available evidence. This is at variance with a prior estimate of around +940. Finally, we present a brief comparison with later sky maps, both from China and Europe.