Topic
Causation
About: Causation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 166878 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 3
Papers
TL;DR: The criteria outlined in "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" help identify the causes of many diseases, including cancers of the reproductive system.
Abstract: In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill published the article "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. In the article, Hill describes nine criteria to determine if an environmental factor, especially a condition or hazard in a work environment, causes an illness. The article arose from an inaugural presidential address Hill gave at the 1965 meeting of the Section of Occupational Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine in London, England. The criteria he established in the article became known as the Bradford Hill criteria and the medical community refers to them when determining whether an environmental condition causes an illness. The criteria outlined in "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" help identify the causes of many diseases, including cancers of the reproductive system.
7,383 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper contrasts Bradford Hill’s approach with a currently fashionable framework for reasoning about statistical associations – the Common Task Framework – and suggests why following Bradford Hill, 50+ years on, is still extraordinarily reasonable.
Abstract: In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill offered his thoughts on: “What aspects of [an] association should we especially consider before deciding that the most likely interpretation of it is causation?” He proposed nine means for reasoning about the association, which he named as: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. In this paper, we look at what motivated Bradford Hill to propose we focus on these nine features. We contrast Bradford Hill’s approach with a currently fashionable framework for reasoning about statistical associations – the Common Task Framework. And then suggest why following Bradford Hill, 50+ years on, is still extraordinarily reasonable.
6,208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a particular model for causal inference (Holland and Rubin 1983; Rubin 1974) to critique the discussions of other writers on causation and causal inference.
Abstract: Problems involving causal inference have dogged at the heels of statistics since its earliest days. Correlation does not imply causation, and yet causal conclusions drawn from a carefully designed experiment are often valid. What can a statistical model say about causation? This question is addressed by using a particular model for causal inference (Holland and Rubin 1983; Rubin 1974) to critique the discussions of other writers on causation and causal inference. These include selected philosophers, medical researchers, statisticians, econometricians, and proponents of causal modeling.
5,751 citations
TL;DR: In economics and management theories, scholars have traditionally assumed the existence of artifacts such as firms/organizations and markets as mentioned in this paper, and they argue that an explanation for the creation of such artifacts requires the notion of effectuation.
Abstract: In economics and management theories, scholars have traditionally assumed the existence of artifacts such as firms/organizations and markets. I argue that an explanation for the creation of such artifacts requires the notion of effectuation. Causation rests on a logic of prediction, effectuation on the logic of control. I illustrate effectuation through business examples and realistic thought experiments, examine its connections with existing theories and empirical evidence, and offer a list of testable propositions for future empirical work.
5,259 citations
TL;DR: Although Testing Statistical Hypotheses of Equivalence has some weaknesses, it is a useful reference for those interested in the question of equivalence testing, particularly in biological applications.
Abstract: The writing is not uniformly polished and is scattered with long, awkward sentences that require some effort to unravel. I wonder if this is the result of infelicitous translation from the original German version (Wellek 1994). There are also numerous small typographical errors. More careful editing could have solved these problems before publication. There are no exercises, and so I would hesitate to use the book as a text (although it should be noted that this is not one of the author’s stated aims). Although Testing Statistical Hypotheses of Equivalence has some weaknesses, it is a useful reference for those interested in the question of equivalence testing, particularly in biological applications.
3,682 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 1 |
| 2025 | 287 |
| 2024 | 430 |
| 2023 | 774 |
| 2022 | 1,014 |
| 2021 | 262 |