Topic
Causal chain
About: Causal chain is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 492 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22758 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: It is argued that when it is easy to manipulate and measure a proposed psychological process that a series of experiments that demonstrates the proposed causal chain is superior, and that designs that examine underlying process by utilizing moderation can be effective.
Abstract: The authors propose that experiments that utilize mediational analyses as suggested by R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) are overused and sometimes improperly held up as necessary for a good social psychological paper. The authors argue that when it is easy to manipulate and measure a proposed psychological process that a series of experiments that demonstrates the proposed causal chain is superior. They further argue that when it is easy to manipulate a proposed psychological process but difficult to measure it that designs that examine underlying process by utilizing moderation can be effective. It is only when measurement of a proposed psychological process is easy and manipulation of it is difficult that designs that rely on mediational analyses should be preferred, and even in these situations careful consideration should be given to the limiting factors of such designs.
2,256 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a more complete conceptual framework for analysis of SME credit availability issues, and emphasize a causal chain from policy to financial structures, which affect the feasibility and profitability of different lending technologies.
Abstract: We propose a more complete conceptual framework for analysis of SME credit availability issues. In this framework, lending technologies are the key conduit through which government policies and national financial structures affect credit availability. We emphasize a causal chain from policy to financial structures, which affect the feasibility and profitability of different lending technologies. These technologies, in turn, have important effects on SME credit availability. Financial structures include the presence of different financial institution types and the conditions under which they operate. Lending technologies include several transactions technologies plus relationship lending. We argue that the framework implicit in most of the literature is oversimplified, neglects key elements of the chain, and often yields misleading conclusions. A common oversimplification is the treatment of transactions technologies as a homogeneous group, unsuitable for serving informationally opaque SMEs, and a frequent misleading conclusion is that large institutions are disadvantaged in lending to opaque SMEs.
2,129 citations
TL;DR: Suicide is analyzed in terms of motivations to escape from aversive self-awareness, a state of cognitive deconstruction that brings irrationality and disinhibition, making drastic measures seem acceptable.
Abstract: Suicide is analyzed in terms of motivations to escape from aversive self-awareness. The causal chain begins with events that fall severely short of standards and expectations. These failures are attributed internally, which makes self-awareness painful. Awareness of the self's inadequacies generates negative affect, and the individual therefore desires to escape from self-awareness and the associated affect. The person tries to achieve a state of cognitive deconstruction (constricted temporal focus, concrete thinking, immediate or proximal goals, cognitive rigidity, and rejection of meaning), which helps prevent meaningful self-awareness and emotion. The deconstructed state brings irrationality and disinhibition, making drastic measures seem acceptable. Suicide can be seen as an ultimate step in the effort to escape from self and world.
1,743 citations
1 Jan 1985
TL;DR: It is concluded that human factors research in the area of driver behavior has hardly been touched by the “cognitive revolution” that swept psychology in the past fifteen years.
Abstract: There appears to be a lack of new ideas in driver behavior modeling. Although behavioral research is under some pressure, it seems too facile to attribute this deplorable state of affairs only to a lack of research funds. In my opinion the causal chain may well run in the opposite direction. An analysis of what is wrong has led me to the conclusion that human factors research in the area of driver behavior has hardly been touched by the “cognitive revolution” that swept psychology in the past fifteen years. A more cognitive approach might seem advisable and the “promise of progress” of such an approach should be assessed.
1,471 citations
TL;DR: A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression during adolescence.
Abstract: Descriptive epidemiological studies are reviewed, showing that the female preponderance in depression begins to emerge around age 13. A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression. The elaborated causal chain posits that negative events contribute to initial elevations of general negative affect. Generic cognitive vulnerability factors then moderate the likelihood that the initial negative affect will progress to full-blown depression. Increases in depression can lead transactionally to more self-generated dependent negative life events and thus begin the causal chain again. Evidence is reviewed providing preliminary support for the model as an explanation for the development of the gender difference in depression during adolescence.
1,375 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 15 |
| 2024 | 17 |
| 2023 | 12 |
| 2022 | 39 |
| 2021 | 19 |
| 2020 | 26 |