TL;DR: In the present study Cathorops festae is redescribed as a valid species based on morphological and molecular data.
Abstract: Over the past decade, the Sea Catfish (Ariidae) genus Cathorops has been the focus of a major taxonomic review, which has resulted in the revalidation of five synonymized nominal species, and the recognition of seven new species. With 21 valid species, Cathorops is currently the most species-rich genus of Ariidae in the New World. The principal lacuna in the taxonomic knowledge of genus species is the uncertain status of Arius festae Boulenger, 1898, described from Naranjal, in the Guayas River basin of Ecuador. In the present study Cathorops festae is redescribed as a valid species based on morphological and molecular data.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic hypothesis of ariids based on anatomical data is significantly different from the molecular and the morphological evidence, but all reconstructions agree in the division of the Ariidae into two subfamilies, the Ariinae and the monogeneric Galeichthyinae.
TL;DR: Acute field surveys of oil spill effects in harbour areas with a long history of contamination should thus be viewed with caution, and whenever possible previous evaluations should be considered for proper appraisal of biomarker sensitivity, especially in mobile bioindicators such as fish.
Abstract: The Vicuna oil tanker exploded in Paranagua Bay (South of Brazil), during methanol unloading operations in front of Paranagua Harbour, on November 15th, 2004, releasing a large amount of bunker oil and methanol. Two weeks after the accident, the acute effects of the Vicuna Oil Spill (VOS) were evaluated in the demersal catfish Cathorops spixii, comparing a contaminated (at the spill site) and a reference site inside the Bay. Data were compared to previous measurements, taken before the accident, in the same species, from the same sites. The physiological biomarkers were the ones that best reflected acute effects of the spill: plasma osmolality, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Morphological (liver and gill histopathology) and genetic (piscine micronucleus and DNA strand breaks) biomarkers revealed that damage was already present in fishes from both reference and contaminated sites inside the Bay. Thus, the reference site is not devoid of contamination, as water circulation tends to spread the contaminants released into other areas of the Bay. Acute field surveys of oil spill effects in harbour areas with a long history of contamination should thus be viewed with caution, and whenever possible previous evaluations should be considered for proper appraisal of biomarker sensitivity, especially in mobile bioindicators such as fish.
TL;DR: In this paper, the early Miocene Pirabas Formation in northeastern Brazil, Cantaure and Castillo formations in northwestern Venezuela, and Castilletes Formation in North Colombia are described.
Abstract: Ariidae catfish are described from the early Miocene Pirabas Formation in northeastern Brazil, Cantaure and Castillo formations in northwestern Venezuela, and Castilletes Formation in North Colombia. A skull from the Pirabas Formation is described as Cathorops
goeldii, n. sp. and an otolith is identified as Cathorops sp. The otoliths from Cantaure, Castillo and Castilletes formations are described as Cantarius nolfi n. sp. and Bagre
protocaribbeanus n. sp. These coeval lithostratigraphic units reflect the Proto-Caribbean conditions and the shallow water tropical palaeoenvironment during the Miocene, particularly associated with marine coastal lagoon and estuarine influence.
TL;DR: In order to understand environmental health by the use of a bioindicator species in estuaries, biochemical responses observed in the catfish Cathorops spixii such as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in liver and muscle.