Showing papers on "Catfish published in 1990"
TL;DR: The attached algae that developed with sparse Ancistrus had higher standing crops with larger cells or colonies, and higher primary productivity, than did periphyton subjected to heavy grazing by unconfined armored catfish.
Abstract: Armored catfish (Loricariidae) are the major grazers of attached algae in pools of the Rio Frijoles, Panama (909' N, 79044' W). In the dry season, sunny pools were inhabited by -6 individual loricariids per square metre of grazeable substratum. At these densities, armored catfish depleted algae and cleared sediment from bedrock substrata, leaving sparse standing crops of small, adnate diatoms (primarily Achnanthes spp.). To study the effects of armored catfish at 1/6 their natural density, I stocked four 6-7 cm (SL), 10-g Ancistrus (the most common size class of the most common species in stream pools) in each of five stream pens. Pens enclosed 4 m2 of bedrock substratum, and were alternately stocked or left empty during three consecutive periods of 29, 11, and 11 d. At the end of each period, standing crops of sediment and attached algae, and rates of photosynthesis by attached algae, were measured. The attached algae that developed with sparse Ancistrus had higher standing crops with larger cells or colonies, and higher primary productivity, than did periphyton subjected to heavy grazing by unconfined armored catfish. Even heavy grazing, however, was less deleterious to attached algae than prolonged sedimentation on substrata in enclosures left empty for 11 or 29 d. The net effect of Ancistrus on their algal food changed from depletion at high grazer densities to enhancement at low grazer densities, as sedimentation became more limiting to algae than grazing.
206 citations
TL;DR: Means for growth rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed 10,000 μg aflatoxin B1 per kilogram of feed for 10 weeks were significantly lower than those of fish fed 2,154 μg/kg or a lower concentration.
Abstract: Means for growth rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed 10,000 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) per kilogram of feed for 10 weeks were significantly lower than those of fish fed 2,154 μg/kg or a lower concentration (P < 0.05). Mean leukocyte count was significantly higher in the fish fed the highest concentration of AFB1 (P < 0.05). Gross appearance and behavior of all fish were normal. Histopathological effects were observed only in fish fed the highest concentration of AFB1. These fish had foci of necrotic hepatocytes mixed with basophilic hepatocytes. Spaces, apparently resulting from hepatocellular necrosis, were present within the basophilic foci. Sinusoids in the head (hematopoietic) kidney were dilated and circular in profile. Increased hematopoietic activity of blood-forming tissues was apparent from the presence of numerous immature blood cells. The intestinal mucosal epithelium accumulated excessive amounts of iron pigments. Ga...
113 citations
TL;DR: Concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) were determined for 30 channel catfish from pond water at 10 degrees C and these values were compared to measurements of 15 channelCatfish from Pond water at 30 degrees C, finding that the concentrations of serum Ig increase with size of catfish.
91 citations
TL;DR: The mechanism of sex determination in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was evaluated by hormonal and genetic methods and it is suggested that the YY equivalent genotype is viable.
81 citations
TL;DR: Changes in various parameters from normal values during exposure and recovery were recorded and probable reasons for alterations have been discussed in detail.
73 citations
TL;DR: The economically important African catfish genus Heterobranchus has been revised using biometrical and osteological features and four species are recognized as valid: H. isopterus, H. longifilis and H. boulengeri.
71 citations
65 citations
TL;DR: "Panning" indicated that the continued physical presence of elevated numbers of neutrophils is not responsible for the suppression of T and B cell in vitro proliferation responses to mitogens observed in stressed fish.
Abstract: A murine monoclonal antibody, designated mAb 13C5, was found to react specifically with channel catfish neutrophils based upon its ability to identify a subpopulation of leukocytes that are phagocytic and stain positive with both Sudan Black B and nitro-blue tetrazolium. Cytofluorographic analysis with mAb 13C5 was used to assess trafficking of neutrophils in various tissues of catfish subjected to transport stress. Since no prestress neutrophil reservoir was apparent, it seems likely that stress-induced neutrophilia in catfish, as in endotherms, may result from demargination of a pool of capillary-bound neutrophils. MAb 13C5 was also used to successfully “pan” for neutrophil-enriched and depleted populations of peripheral blood leukocytes from transport stressed channel catfish. “Panning” indicated that the continued physical presence of elevated numbers of neutrophils is not responsible for the suppression of T and B cell in vitro proliferation responses to mitogens observed in stressed fish.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of Indonesian salted-dried catfish (Arius thalassinus Ruppell) during processing and storage indicates that although peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and anisidine values give an indication of the onset of lipid oxidation, the values become negligible in the consumed product.
Abstract: Analysis of Indonesian salted-dried catfish (Arius thalassinus Ruppell) during processing and storage indicates that although peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and anisidine values give an indication of the onset of lipid oxidation, the values become negligible in the consumed product. Alternative methods have been developed and the signijcant, steady increases found in the levels of acetic acid soluble colour and fluorescence indicate that these parameters are realistic indicators of the tertiary products formed by interactions of carbonyl compounds with amino type compounds. These increases are complemented by a fall in the level of free amino acids during storage of the product. A 30 % loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found during salting, but no subsequent loss was found during drying and storage.
63 citations
TL;DR: Both oral and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 12 mg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) per kilogram of body weight caused regurgitation of stomach contents by channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Both oral and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 12 mg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) per kilogram of body weight caused regurgitation of stomach contents by channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Detoxification of AFB1 (ammoniation) significantly reduced the incidence of regurgitation. The 10-d median lethal dose (LD50; dose that is lethal to 50% of test organisms) for IPadministered AFB, in channel catfish averaging 19 g was 11.5 mg/kg of body weight, with a 95% confidence interval of 9.5–13.3 mg/kg. Gills, livers, kidneys, spleens, stomachs, and intestines of moribund fish injected with 12 mg AFB1/kg of body weight were extremely pale. Hematocrits, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts of moribund fish were about 10% of those values in control fish. Histological lesions in moribund fish included sloughing of intestinal mucosa and necrosis of hematopoietic tissues, hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, and gastric glands. Spleens showed reduction in volume of the red pulp and reduction in nu...
62 citations
TL;DR: Blood cells from Baltic salmon, Salmo salar, three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, eel pout, Zoarces viviparus, crucian carp, Carassius carassius, African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and reedfish, Calamoichthys calabaricus, were incubated with tritiated 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione or 11-keto
TL;DR: Three species of synodontid catfish can produce weak biphasic electric discharges in either continuous or burst-like fashion, and the peak-power frequency of these electric organ discharges is around 100 Hz.
Abstract: Three species of synodontid catfish can produce weak biphasic electric discharges in either continuous or burst-like fashion. The peak-power frequency of these electric organ discharges is around 100 Hz. The electric organ appears to have originated from a sonic muscle: the organ lies dorsal to the swim bladder, contains modified muscle tissue, and is innervated from a motor nucleus located in the caudal medulla. It is possible that synodontid catfish use electric signals in communication and/or object detection.
TL;DR: The study reported here was designed to determine the effects of a commercially available malathion solution on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and to measure hematological changes and histopathologicaleffects of a sublethal concentration of malathions on the fish.
Abstract: Malathion (O,O-dimethyl-S-1, 2-di-(ethoxycarbamyl)ethyl phosphorodithioate) is an organophosphate which is a widely used pesticide in the United States. This pesticide seems to be more toxic to insects and fish than to mammals due to the lack of hydrolytic enzymes in insects and fish. Malathion clearly affects the hematology of fish. The study reported here was designed to determine the effects of a commercially available malathion solution on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Objectives were to measure hematological changes and histopathological effects of a sublethal concentration of malathion on the fish.
TL;DR: Four monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for specific reactions to various catfish peripheral blood leucocytes and anterior kidney cells and two were specific for catfish neutrophils.
TL;DR: The results suggest that L-arginine taste receptor proteins in the catfish are part of or closely coupled to cation-selective channels which are opened by L- arginine binding.
TL;DR: The intraspecific variation among the channel catfish stocks examined is lower than that reported for other fish species, which may reflect artificial stabilization of genome size by human intervention, or evolutionary conservatism within the genome of theChannel catfish.
TL;DR: Results confirm the synonymy between C. gariepinus, C. farero and C. mossambicus as introduced by Teugels in 1982.
TL;DR: Immune restriction was indicated by the use of allogeneic PBL as APC in that only strong MLRs were generated with no detectable antibodies produced in vitro, and the employment of isolated leukocyte subpopulations demonstrated that both catfish B (sIg+) lymphocytes and monocytes were efficient Ag presentors.
TL;DR: Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was reared for 2 years on practical feeds with and without a topdressing of oil to indicate that fish size and age significantly influence fatty acid profiles.
Abstract: Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were reared for 2 years on practical feeds with and without a topdressing of oil (50% animal, 50% vegetable). Visceral fat, fillet fat, and whole-body protein increased and moisture percentage decreased as fish size and age increased. Slopes of regression lines for these variables differed significantly between treatments. Fatty acid profiles of fillets showed essentially linear trends toward decreasing saturation and increasing unsaturation with increasing size and age of fish. Within the unsaturated fatty acids, monene levels increased, and diene and triene levels decreased. Topdressing with oil did not affect these trends. Although dietary lipid composition is a major influence on fatty acid composition in channel catfish, this study indicates that fish size and age also significantly influence fatty acid profiles.
TL;DR: The effect on bioaccumulation in the specific tissue provides a better basis for monitoring exposures than whole-body analysis, and the concentration of metals in the tissues increased with concentration and exposure time.
TL;DR: Three new cell lines were established from tissues of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, derived from the fin, snout, and swim bladder of two apparently healthy diploid fry, and have been designated GCF, GCS-2, and GCSB, respectively.
Abstract: Three new cell lines were established from tissues of the grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella. Derived from the fin, snout, and swim bladder of two apparently healthy diploid fry, these cell lines have been designated GCF, GCS-2, and GCSB, respectively. The cells grew at temperatures between 24° and 36° C with optimal growth at 32° C and have been subcultured more than 50 times since their initiation in August 1986. Two of the lines remained diploid or pseudodiploid after 38 passages. The cells were tested for microbial contamination, and plating efficiencies were determined. The three cell lines were sensitive toRhabdovirus carpio (RVC), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), golden shiner virus (GSV), chum salmon virus (CSV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus serotype VR299 IPNV). They were refractory to channel catfish virus (CCV), channel catfish reovirus (CRV), chinook salmon paramyxovirus (CSP), and an Ab serotype of IPNV.
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetic parameters describing SDM distribution and elimination in channel catfish were similar to values reported for other vertebrate species; the rapid distribution of SDM from blood to the tissues in the catfish may be related to species differences in the plasma binding ofSDM.
Abstract: 1. Plasma clearance, bioavailability, tissue disposition and elimination of 14C-sulphadimethoxine (SDM) were studied in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral dosing (per os; p.o.) at 40 mg/kg body weight. 2. Analysis of blood SDM concentrations over time for intravascularly administered SDM showed that disposition and elimination were best described by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model; estimated half-lives for SDM in blood were 0.09 and 12.6 h for the distribution and elimination phases, respectively. 3. SDM was found primarily in muscle tissue immediately after oral administration; however, clearance from muscle was rapid, with a half-life of 13.1 h. 4. With time, SDM-derived radioactivity became concentrated in the bile and was eliminated slowly (t 1/2 = 115.5 h). 5. Binding of SDM in channel catfish plasma was low (18%) and was non-specific and dose-independent. 6. With the exception of the initial, rapid clearance of SDM from blood, the pharmacokinetic parameters describing SDM distribution and elimination in channel catfish were similar to values reported for other vertebrate species; the rapid distribution of SDM from blood to the tissues in the catfish may be related to species differences in the plasma binding of SDM.
TL;DR: Analysis of the data indicated a general trend toward a beneficial effect of vaccination, particularly for larger fish, while mortality and hours of antibiotic treatment were significantly higher for most control groups.
Abstract: Evaluation of bacterins for the immunization of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus against Flexibacter columnaris was carried out over 5 years. Groups of 60,000–100,000 pondreared channel catfish, weighing an average of 1.5–4.1 g, were vaccinated each year with formalininactivated Flexibacter columnaris bacterins by immersion. Bacterins were prepared from isolates of the preceding year's epizootic. Equal numbers of nonvaccinated channel catfish reared under similar conditions served as controls. Fish were vaccinated during May each year when water temperatures ranged from 16 to 18°C. Data were recorded daily from early June through midSeptember as water temperatures rose to 24–26°C. Deaths were recorded daily, and the number of hours required for antibiotic treatments were monitored. Analysis of the data indicated a general trend toward a beneficial effect of vaccination, particularly for larger fish. Mortality and hours of antibiotic treatment were significantly higher for most control groups t...
TL;DR: 14C-Ormetoprim was more persistent in the skin than in the muscle, and was extensively metabolized in catfish, which indicated its use in treating certain bacterial diseases of aquatic species.
Abstract: Ormetoprim is used to potentiate sulfadimethoxine in treating certain bacterial diseases of aquatic species. The tissue disposition and renal excretion of ormetoprim and metabolites were examined after intravascular and oral administration (4 mg∙kg−1) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Peak plasma level (0.66 μg∙mL−1) of 14C-ormetoprim occurred at 6 h after oral dosing. The oral bioavailability was estimated at 52%. Ormetoprim and metabolites were widely distributed in the tissues. The tissue concentrations were highest in the liver, trunk kidney, head kidney, and spleen. Clearance of the radiolabel from tissues was rapid. The muscle contained 49.3% of the intravascularly administered dose at 2 h; however, at 72 h, less than 1% of the dose remained in this tissue. 14C-Ormetoprim was more persistent in the skin than in the muscle. Ormetoprim was extensively metabolized in catfish. After intravascular administration, 21.1% of the dose of 14C-ormetoprim was eliminated in the urine in 48 h, predominant...
TL;DR: Tests from adult male channel catfish were surgically removed, and the incisions closed, and treatment with antibiotic (erythromycin) or without antibiotic, and metomidate-treated fish had significantly higher survival than MS-222- treated fish.
Abstract: Testes from adult male channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; N= 73) and blue catfish (I. furcatus; N= 16) were surgically removed, and the incisions closed. Variables evaluated for their effect on survival of fish were method of anesthesia (tricaine [MS–222] at 12 and at 23°C, and metomidate at 23°C), suturing procedure (suture, adhesive, and adhesive plus suture), and treatment with antibiotic (erythromycin) or without antibiotic. Postsurgery survival was determined 8–10 weeks later. Observed survival was 61 and 53% among fish treated with MS-222 at 12 and 23°C, respectively. The lower temperature decreased bleeding and increased the efficacy of MS-222. Metomidate-treated fish had significantly higher (P < 0.05) survival (74%) than MS-222-treated fish. Fewer of the metomidate-treated fish had incisions reopen because their swimming behavior in the recovery tank was more normal than that of MS-222-treated fish. Closure of incisions with adhesive alone resulted in 100% mortality. No difference (P ...
TL;DR: It was clear that 17-alpha-methyltestosterone retarded growth when administered at moderate and high dosage levels, and its strong androgenic properties were reflected by a precocious maturation of the testes of treated males.
TL;DR: Early stages of PGD also observed in the same population of channel catfish containing developmental and sporogonic stages of this newly recognized Sphaerospora sp.
Abstract: Sphaerospores were found in the kidneys of alevin channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from a farm in Central California. Multicellular developmental stages, similar to C-blood protozoans described for Sphaerospora spp. from cyprinid fishes, were observed in circulating blood and numerous tissues. Upon a 2nd examination of the same population of fish 10 days later, sporogonic stages were seen developing into mature sphaerospores in the lumina of the kidney tubules. Sporogenesis was asynchronous with simple unicellular stages adjacent to more complex forms with developing polar capsules and valves. Only one elliptical spore (5.6 microns in width, 6.5 microns in thickness by 5.8 microns in length) developed within the surrounding pseudoplasmodium. Thin valves surrounded two sporoplasm cells and two subspherical polar capsules (1.7 x 1.9 microns) which contained a polar filament with four to five turns. The blood stages of the Sphaerospora sp. described here are similar to the trophozoites seen in channel catfish with proliferative gill disease (PGD). Early stages of PGD also observed in the same population of channel catfish containing developmental and sporogonic stages of this newly recognized Sphaerospora sp. may suggest a causal relationship between this new myxosporean and the gill disease.
TL;DR: Experiments indicate that the mutagenic contaminants found in kraft mill effluent may play an important role in the induction of skin neoplastic disease in fish.