Showing papers on "Catfish published in 1982"
TL;DR: The marked stimulation of the hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities by dietary CHO may explain why catfish can utilize higher levels of dietary CHO than certain solmonid fishes.
Abstract: Three isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated with varying levels of carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid to determine the effect of energy source on lipogenic enzyme activities in fingerling channel catfish. Diets A, B, and C contained, expressed as a percentage of total energy, 0% CHO and 49% lipid, 16% CHO and 33% lipid, and 46% CHO and 3% lipid, respectively. Duplicate groups of 60 fish weighing 435 +/- 5 g/group were fed 3% of their wet weight per day. Fish fed the high lipid (A) diet grew as well as fish fed the high-CHO (C) diet. Fish fed diet B, however, had a significantly greater growth rate. Fish were sampled and composite samples of liver and mesenteric adipose tissue were assayed for the following enzymes: fatty acid synthetase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase. In both hepatic and adipose tissue, all lipogenic enzymes assayed were stimulated by the high-CHO diet. All lipogenic enzymes were depressed by the high lipid diet only in hepatic tissue. Enzyme activities were much lower in adipose tissue relative to hepatic tissue. The marked stimulation of the hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities by dietary CHO may explain why catfish can utilize higher levels of dietary CHO than certain solmonid fishes.
148 citations
TL;DR: Data indicates that 0.33% apparent available dietary phosphorus is adequate for maximum growth and bone mineralization in fingerling channel catfish, and it is suggested that a value of 0.4% apparent Available phosphorus be used in formulating catfish feeds.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to reevaluate the dietary phosphorus requirement of fingerling channel catfish. Basal diets containing either casein with supplemental inorganic phosphorus and 0.5% total calcium or egg albumin with supplemental inorganic phosphorus and 0.75% total calcium yielded similar requirement data. Eleven-week growth, feed efficiency, serum phosphorus, bone ash, bone calcium and bon phosphorus data indicate that 0.33% apparent available dietary phosphorus is adequate for maximum growth and bone mineralization. Based on these data and previous findings, we would suggest a value of 0.4% apparent available phosphorus be used in formulating catfish feeds. The apparent availability of phosphorus from soybean meal, as determined by the chromic oxide indicator method, was 29% for channel catfish.
140 citations
TL;DR: The difference in response at the two temperatures indicates that the vitamin C requirement for resistance to infection is possibly higher when channel catfish are infected at lower temperatures, where the natural resistance is reduc...
Abstract: Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings were fed semipurified diets containing 0–150 mg/kg of vitamin C for 14 wk and subsequently at two temperature regimes infected with the pathogenic ...
137 citations
TL;DR: Triploid male and female channel catfish had smaller gonads with altered histology, converted feed more efficiently, and may provide greater profits in commercial catfish culture than diploids.
Abstract: Diploid (2n = 58) and triploid (3n = 87) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were reared indoors in circular fiberglass tanks equipped with rotating disc biofilters. Triploids were significantly heavier than diploids at 8 months of age and older. Triploid male and female channel catfish also had smaller gonads with altered histology. Triploids converted feed more efficiently, and may provide greater profits in commercial catfish culture than diploids.
121 citations
TL;DR: It seems that fish lymphocytes have two different populations of lymphocytes; one which contains abundant surface Ig and one which does not, and whether these two types of cells represent the fish equivalents of B and T cells remains to be determined.
Abstract: Catfish peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes were assayed for surface immunoglobulin using fifteen different mouse hybridoma antibodies to catfish immunoglobulin (Ig). These studies showed that this battery of monoclonal antibodies did not detect significant amounts of Ig on all lymphocytes. Unlike polyclonal antisera which demonstrated nearly 100% surface Ig + cells, the monoclonal antibodies detected ∿40% surface Ig + cells. Furthermore, the percentage of Ig cells reactive with two of these monoclonals, tentatively shown to react with two different types of catfish light chains, was found to be nearly additive when the two antibodies were mixed. Thus it seems that fish lymphocytes, like their mammalian counterparts, have two different populations of lymphocytes; one which contains abundant surface Ig and one which does not. Whether these two types of cells represent the fish equivalents of B and T cells remains to be determined.
109 citations
TL;DR: A new bacterial pathogen of chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was isolated from fish in Oregon's Rogue River and the invasiveness of the organism was low in steelhead trout exposed to the bacteria by the waterborne route.
Abstract: A new bacterial pathogen of chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was isolated from fish in Oregon's Rogue River. The bacteria are biochemically and serologically related to strains of Edwardsiella tarda. Initially isolated from chinook salmon, the bacteria were also pathogenic for steelhead and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The 50% lethal doses for chinook salmon, steelhead trout, and channel catfish injected intraperitoneally and maintained in 18 degrees C water were 4.1 x 10(6), 5.6 x 10(6), and 4.0 x 10(5) respectively. When chinook salmon and rainbow trout were injected intraperitoneally and held in 12 degrees C water, the mean lethal doses were 6.4 x 10(7) and 1.7 x 10(6), respectively. The invasiveness of the organism was low in steelhead trout exposed to the bacteria by the waterborne route. The optimum growth temperature of the bacteria in brain heart infusion broth was approximately 35 degrees C. The guanine plus cytosine content of DNA obtained from E. tarda isolated from salmon was 59 mol%.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, ten isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing different percentages by weight of cottonseed ineal or gossypol acetate were fed to age-0 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus for 8 weeks.
Abstract: Ten isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing different percentages by weight of cottonseed ineal or gossypol acetate were fed to age-0 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus for 8 weeks. Growth was inhibited when fish were fed diets with more than 17.4% cottonseed meal or with 0.09% and greater free gossypol. Fish fed cottonseed meal at 17.4% or greater had higher wholebody concentrations of free gossypol than fish fed lower amounts. Free gossypol in muscle tissue was less than that recommended as safe for human consumption. Free gossypol was most concentrated in liver and kidney tissue. Channel catfish utilized lysine hydrochloride when a diet was supplemented with that amino acid.
92 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that a minimum magnesium level of 0.04% of the dry diet was required to maintain normal growth, serum and bone magnesium levels in channel catfish fingerlings.
Abstract: Purified casein diets with and without supplemental magnesium were fed to fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in order to establish the essentially of this mineral. Fish fed the basal diet containing 0.004% magnesium developed deficiency signs such as poor growth, anorexia, sluggishness, muscle flaccidity and high mortality. After 3 weeks, two groups of fish fed the basal diet were converted to the supplemental diet containing 0.057% magnesium. Deficiency signs in these fish were alleviated almost immediately. In a second experiment, graded levels of magnesium sulfate were added to casein-based diets and fed to channel catfish fingerlings to determine their dietary requirement for magnesium. Results indicated that a minimum magnesium level of 0.04% of the dry diet was required to maintain normal growth, serum and bone magnesium levels in channel catfish fingerlings.
76 citations
TL;DR: Catfish with nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia showed less inhibition of brain and gill cytochrome oxidase when exposed to hydrogen sulfide than did control fish.
72 citations
1 Jan 1982
67 citations
TL;DR: Age-0 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus demonstrated no significant growth differences over 20 weeks during fall and winter when fed, in indoor tanks, semipurified diets containing 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14% lipid in the form of beef tallow, soybean oil, or fish oil.
Abstract: Age-0 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus demonstrated no significant growth differences over 20 weeks during fall and winter when fed, in indoor tanks, semipurified diets containing 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14% lipid in the form of beef tallow, soybean oil, or fish oil. Fish on the 10% lipid diets showed a tendency toward best growth within each dietary lipid group but no well defined optimum lipid level was found. Carcass lipid percentages, and fatty acid patterns were similar among fish offered diets containing the same lipid source, regardless of the percentage of lipid in the diet. Striking differences in the patterns of such fatty acids as 14:0, 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3, 20:5ω3, 22:5ω3, and 22:6ω3 reflected dietary lipid sources.
TL;DR: The external appearance, swim bladder shape, and anal fin ray number of hybrids were more nearly that of their male parents than their female parents, and susceptibility to capture by seine was influenced more by the male parent than the female parent.
TL;DR: It is found that both carp and channel carfish can utilize crystal1ine methionine supplmented to soybean meal and that utilization of crystalline methamphetamineionine can be utilized.
Abstract: A six week feeding experiment was conducted to study effects of methionine coated wit h vanous materlals added to soybean meal diet on growth and feed efficiency of fingerling carp and channel catfish. The coating materials u ed were aldehyde treated casein , acid treated casein, and hydrogenated tallow. Supplements of methionine , either coated or uncoated, signifi cantly improved growth and feed efficiency of both species . In carp, addition of methionine coate d with aldehyde treate casein significantly enhanced growth over that of uncoated methionine. B uti n channel catfish, coating methionine with any type of material did not significantly improve the utilization of supplemented methionine . Compared to the group fed the diet with uncoated me thionine, addition of methionine coated with acid treated casein to the diet significantly dcpressed the growth of channel catfish. These results indlcate that both carp and channel carfish can utilize crystal1ine methionine supplmented to soybean meal and that utilization of crystalline methionine
TL;DR: Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from 13 ponds with low feeding rates in west-central Alabama had discernable off-flavor, as determined by sensory evaluation, but off-Flavor became more intense as maximum daily feeding rate increased.
Abstract: Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from 13 ponds with low feeding rates ( 50 kg/hectare per day) in west-central Alabama had discernable off-flavor, as determined by sensory evaluation. However, off-flavor became more intense (causing lower sensory scores) as maximum daily feeding rate increased (r = −0.66; P 0.05), ponds with the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll α and COD had the best tasting fish. The blue-green alga Lyngbya sp. was abundant in several ponds where fish had extreme off-flavor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of sub-lethal Cu2+ (0.1 mg · l − 1) exposure on pinfish, (Lagodon rhomboides), Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus), sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) and sea catfish (Arius felis) locomotor behavior were examined.
TL;DR: Several lytic enzyme activities are found in the gel secretion, one of which catalyzes lysis of red blood cells and other factors induce clotting in citrate treated plasma and agglutination ofred blood cells.
Abstract: The Arabian Gulf catfish Arius thallasinus excretes copious amounts of proteinaceous gel from epidermal cells when threatened or injured. As a means of investigating its biological role, this gel material has been examined to determine the nature of the secretion and its associated biological activities. Over 85% of the dry weight of the gel material is protein with small amounts of lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acid components. Most of the protein exists as a high molecular weight aggregate of predominantly 13 500 molecular weight monomeric units. Several lytic enzyme activities are found in the gel secretion, one of which catalyzes lysis of red blood cells. Other factors induce clotting in citrate treated plasma and agglutination of red blood cells. The enzymic properties of the gel secretion resemble those of some animal venoms.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that the blue-green alga Lyngbya sp. was abundant in several ponds where fish had extreme off-flavor, and the ponds with the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll α and COD had the best tasting fish.
Abstract: Abstract Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from 13 ponds with low feeding rates ( 50 kg/hectare per day) in west-central Alabama had discernable off-flavor, as determined by sensory evaluation. However, off-flavor became more intense (causing lower sensory scores) as maximum daily feeding rate increased (r = −0.66; P 0.05), ponds with the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll α and COD had the best tasting fish. The blue-green alga Lyngbya sp. was abundant in several ponds where fish had extreme off-flavor.
TL;DR: T, present in plasma of vitellogenic catfish, serves as a precursor for estrogen synthesis, and cortisol, whose levels in the plasma are high during ovarian recrudescence, enhances estrogen-induced viteLLogenin synthesis in the catfish.
TL;DR: Spermatozoa of Indian, common, tawes, and bighead carps were activated successfully after periods up to 26 days and fertilized ova as effectively as fresh semen.
TL;DR: Extracellular products from Aeromonas hydrophila strain 22 grown in a defined medium were lethal to young-of-the-year channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and partial purification and characterization suggested that the lethal factors were proteases.
Abstract: Extracellular products from Aeromonas hydrophila strain 22 grown in a defined medium were lethal to young-of-the-year channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. No detectable hemolysin was produced, but partial purification and characterization of the extracellular products suggested that the lethal factors were proteases. The median lethal dose (LD50) of a heat-labile protease fraction was 18.0 μg protein per gram of fish. A heat-stable protease fraction gave an LD50 of 3.0 μg protein per gram of fish.
TL;DR: A modified spot screening test for methemoglobin reductase indicated that this enzyme occurs in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and offers at least a partial explanation of the rapid recovery observed when catfish with profound nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia are placed in nitrites-free water.
Abstract: A modified spot screening test for methemoglobin reductase (MHb reductase), indicated that this enzyme occurs in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The presence of MHb reductase offers at least a partial explanation of the rapid recovery observed when catfish with profound nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia are placed in nitrite-free water.
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TL;DR: Synthetic alpha-MSH was tested for its action on dermal and epidermal melanophores of the siluroid catfish and a possible role of MSH in skin color changes in vivo is discussed.
TL;DR: The primary lethal factor was heat-labile at 56 C for 10 minutes, but a heat-stable component was also implicated, and sublethal doses of ECP often produced many of the gross pathologies associated with A. hydrophila infections.
Abstract: The effects of the extracellular products (ECP) and endotoxin from Aeromonas hydrophila grown in a defined medium were determined following intraperitoneal injection of young-of-the-year channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Endotoxin had no lethal effects in doses as high as 400 μg per 7.2-g fish, whereas ECP had a 48-hour median lethal concentration (LD50) of 15.7 μg per 7.2-g fish. Sublethal doses of ECP often produced many of the gross pathologies associated with A. hydrophila infections. The primary lethal factor was heat-labile at 56 C for 10 minutes, but a heat-stable component was also implicated.
TL;DR: The addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classical pathway of complement activation to be important in bactericidal activity against S. paratyphi.
Abstract: Fresh channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against Salmonella paratyphi . Components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with S . paratyphi . The bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after EDTA treatment. The addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classical pathway of complement activation to be important in bactericidal activity against S . paratyphi . Bactericidal activity of catfish serum was labile when incubated at 47°C for 30 min., stable for at least 4 mo. at −80°C and could be absorbed with S . paratyphi at 25°C. Very minimal bactericidal activity was present in the descending portion of the first 13.7S peak with most activity being found in the descending portion of the second 7.1S peak and throughout the entire 3.4S peak after Sephadex G-200 catfish serum fractionation.
TL;DR: Injection of vitamin D 3 (5000 IU/100 gm body weight) induces hypercalcaemia in the male catfish Clarias batrachus and this response is accelerated when the fish are maintained in a calcium-rich environment.
TL;DR: The gonadotropic potency of purified carp gonadotropin and its α- and β-subunits was tested by evaluating their actions on synthesis of vitellogenin andIts uptake by the ovary in the hypophysectomized catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.
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TL;DR: A feeding frequency of three times day with live food was, therefore, appeared to be suitable for rearing catfish larvae at the ambient temperature which ranged between 26 and 31°C.
Abstract: Studies on the effects of feeding frequency on the growth and survival with 5-day old catfish [Clarias macrocephalus, Gunither) larvae of initial size ranging from 7.9 + 0.4 mm to 8.0 + 0.4 mm in total length were conducted in glass aquaria over a period of 28 days at an initial stocking density of 4 fish 1" . Four feeding frequencies in the order of five feedings, three feedings, two feedings and one feeding day " wiiitb live food {Moina and/or Tubifex worms) were studied. Results indicated that a feeding frequency of three times day" was as good as that of five times when the growth of larvae in term of length-gain was compared. Larvae under the feeding frequency of five and three times day' showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth and survival than those at two feedings and one feeding day" , The survival rate did not differ significantly at the feeding frequency of five and three times day" . A feeding frequency of three times day with live food was, therefore, appeared to be suitable for rearing catfish larvae at the ambient temperature which ranged between 26 and 31°C.