Abstract: The density-equalizing map, a technique developed for cartogram creation, has been widely applied to data visualization but only for 2D applications. In this work, we propose a novel method called the volumetric density-equalizing reference map (VDERM) for computing density-equalizing map for volumetric domains. Given a prescribed density distribution in a volumetric domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the proposed method continuously deforms the domain, with different volume elements enlarged or shrunk according to the density distribution. With the aid of the proposed method, medical and sociological data can be visualized via deformations of 3D objects. The method can also be applied to adaptive remeshing and shape modeling. Furthermore, by exploiting the time-dependent nature of the proposed method, applications to shape morphing can be easily achieved. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract: Cartograms are maps in which the areas of regions (e.g., countries or provinces) are proportional to a thematic mapping variable (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it keeps geographically adjacent regions connected. Over the past few years, several web tools have been developed for the creation of contiguous cartograms. However, most of these tools do not advise how to use cartograms correctly. To mitigate these shortcomings, we attempt to establish good practices through our recently developed web application this http URL: (1) use cartograms to show numeric data that add up to an interpretable total, (2) present a cartogram alongside a conventional map that uses the same color scheme, (3) indicate whether the data for a region are missing, (4) include a legend so that readers can infer the magnitude of the mapping variable, (5) if a cartogram is presented electronically, assist readers with interactive graphics.

Abstract: We investigate the memorability of two types of cartograms, both in terms of recognition of the visualization and recall of the data. A cartogram, or a value-by-area map, is a representation of a map in which geographic regions are modified to reflect a given statistic, such as population or income. Of the many different types of cartograms, the contiguous and Dorling types are among the most popular and most effective. With this in mind, we evaluate the memorability of these two cartogram types with a human-subjects study, using task-based experimental data and cartogram visualization tasks based on Bertin's map reading levels. In particular, our results indicate that Dorling cartograms are associated with better recall of general patterns and trends. This, together with additional significant differences between the two most popular cartogram types, has implications for the design and use of cartograms, in the context of memorability.

Abstract: In the era of big data, a large volume of location-related semantic data needs to be visualized. The geographic information service needs to consider multi-level requests that can be adaptable to different users. Location-related semantic data can be represented in a thematic map. However, the traditional thematic map visualization can only visualize hierarchical information at one level using a statistical chart. This study presents a multi-level thematic mapping method that can visualize attribute information using LOD (Level of Detail) technology. We combine a Treemap with a cartogram to represent attribute information in thematic maps and build a LOD-Treemap model to realize multi-level visualization of attribute information. In the case study, we use our method to visualize and analyze the Chinese Farmers’ Income Structure.

Abstract: This chapter contains sections which provide background information about Japanese society and health including long-term transition of mortality, newly emergent socially vulnerable populations from the lost decades, the recent earthquake disaster whose impacts are readable in many mortality maps and social area formation in contemporary Japanese metropolitan areas. In addition, this chapter explains how to read the maps and graphs shown in later chapters. The materials and methods used to construct the health inequality atlas include the spatial unit for mapping, mortality indices with the data source and measurements of social inequalities in the mortality indices using areal deprivation index. Several analytical concepts such as the prismic cartogram, slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality are introduced.

Abstract: This paper attempts to use the concept of cartography to review the morphological stages the city experienced for the period (1870-1940). In particular, this study uses three-dimensional volumetric maps to highlight the various stages of development along with Scape Toad, one of the cartogrpahic techniques which uses specific quantitative data (spatial space), and the environment tools ArcGis10.7 and Arc scene. One can present the phases of the city's formation through a CD-ROM (avi) as a historical geographical document. The paper has two sections, the first offers an introduction to the morphology of the city, while the second discusses the cartogram of morphological maps. Keywords:Cities, Morphology, GIS, Cartogram Maps

Abstract: Cartograms are maps in which the areas of regions (e.g., countries or provinces) are proportional to a thematic mapping variable (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it keeps geographically adjacent regions connected. Over the past few years, several web tools have been developed for the creation of contiguous cartograms. However, most of these tools do not advise how to use cartograms correctly. To mitigate these shortcomings, we attempt to establish good practices through our recently developed web application this http URL: (1) use cartograms to show numeric data that add up to an interpretable total, (2) present a cartogram alongside a conventional map that uses the same color scheme, (3) indicate whether the data for a region are missing, (4) include a legend so that readers can infer the magnitude of the mapping variable, (5) if a cartogram is presented electronically, assist readers with interactive graphics.

Abstract: Despite the growing number of foreign applications for patents in China, the spatial distribution of countries that have applied for patents in China, as well as its evolution, has yet to be invest...

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to estimate the numbers of short-stay service recipients in all administrative units in Hokkaido from 2020 to 2045 with the machine learning approaches and reviewed the changing trends of spatial distributions of the service recipients with cartograms.Methods: A machine learning approach was used for the estimation. To develop the model to estimate, population data in Japan from 2015 to 2017 were used as input signals, whereas data on the numbers of short-stay service recipients at each level of needs for long-term care (levels 1–5) from 2015 to 2017 were used as a supervisory signal. Three models were developed to avoid problems of repeatability. Then, data of the projected population in Hokkaido every 5 years from 2020 to 2045 were fed into each model to estimate the numbers of the service recipients for the 188 administrative units of Hokkaido. The medians of the estimations from the models were considered as the final results; the estimates for 188 administrative units were presented with continuous area cartograms on the map of Hokkaido.Results: The developed models predicted that the number of the service recipients in Hokkaido would peak at 18,016 in 2035 and the number of people at level 3 in particular would increase. The cartograms for levels 2 and 3 from 2020 to 2030 and level 3 for 2035 were heavily distorted in the several populated areas in Hokkaido, indicating that the majority of the service recipients would be concentrated in those populated areas. Conclusions: Machine learning approaches could provide estimates of future care demands for each administrative unit in a prefecture in Japan based on past population and care demand data. Results from the present study can be useful when effective allocations of human resources for nursing care in the region are discussed.

Abstract: Visual display is a technique that utilizes tools on the computer to explore and to present information. There are some variation of visual display methods that have been developed and widely used in the needs of geovisualization and cartography such us Parallel Coordinate Plot (PCP), Space Time Cube (STC), Self-Organize Map (SOM) and Cartogram. This research uses these methods includes definitions and functions, recommendations for using an application and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Applying the right visualization is based on the needs or goals of geovisualization because each visual display has unique characteristics.

Abstract: A quadrilateral table cartogram is a rectangle-shaped figure that visualizes table-form data; quadrilateral cells in a table cartogram are transformed to express the magnitude of positive weights by their areas, while maintaining the adjacency of cells in the original table. However, the previous construction method is difficult to implement because it consists of multiple operations that do not have a unique solution and require complex settings to obtain the desired outputs. In this article, we propose a new construction for quadrilateral table cartograms by recasting the construction as an optimization problem. The proposed method is formulated as a simple minimization problem to achieve mathematical clarity. It can generate quadrilateral table cartograms with smaller deformation of rows and columns, thereby aiding readers to recognize the correspondence between table cartograms and original tables. In addition, we also propose a means of sorting rows and/or columns prior to the construction of table cartograms to reduce excess shape deformation. Applications of the proposed method confirm its capability to output table cartograms that clearly visualize the characteristics of datasets.

Abstract: The conceptual model of automated building of the cartogram of ecological and economic lands feasibility with the agricultural determination has been developed. The coding system for attributive characteristics of agroproductive groups of soils and reliefs has been proposed. The represented concept has been realized in the ModelBuilder module of the software product called ArcGIS with the help of creating an instrument to build the cartogram for the ecological and economic feasibility of lands in an automatic mode. As a result, the instrument, which allows the execution dividing the territory into the feasibility groups of lands, has been received basing on the input raster or vector values.

Abstract: The highway network is considered to be an effective solution for reducing regional differences and promoting high-quality economic development. This study mapped Sichuan’s highway network on an eq...

Abstract: Distance cartograms are deformed maps in which the distance of each of the preselected point pairs in the geographic map is changed in step with a specified value. In distance cartogram construction, the preselected points such as train stations are fixed in the first step, and other points such as those comprising railroads are fixed in the second step. This paper proposes a new point location conversion approach for the second step. In the approach, a triangle in the geographic map which consists of two points already fixed in the first step and a point to be fixed in the second step, is converted into a similar triangle in the cartogram. The experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.