Topic
Carpel formation
About: Carpel formation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34 publications have been published within this topic receiving 892 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: The genomewide identification of target genes revealed that AP3/PI act as bifunctional transcription factors: they activate genes involved in the control of numerous developmental processes required for organogenesis and repress key regulators of carpel formation.
Abstract: How different organs are formed from small sets of undifferentiated precursor cells is a key question in developmental biology. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying organ specification in plants, we studied the function of the homeotic selector genes APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), which control the formation of petals and stamens during Arabidopsis flower development. To this end, we characterized the activities of the transcription factors that AP3 and PI encode throughout flower development by using perturbation assays as well as transcript profiling and genomewide localization studies, in combination with a floral induction system that allows a stage-specific analysis of flower development by genomic technologies. We discovered considerable spatial and temporal differences in the requirement for AP3/PI activity during flower formation and show that they control different sets of genes at distinct phases of flower development. The genomewide identification of target genes revealed that AP3/PI act as bifunctional transcription factors: they activate genes involved in the control of numerous developmental processes required for organogenesis and repress key regulators of carpel formation. Our results imply considerable changes in the composition and topology of the gene network controlled by AP3/PI during the course of flower development. We discuss our results in light of a model for the mechanism underlying sex-determination in seed plants, in which AP3/PI orthologues might act as a switch between the activation of male and the repression of female development.
230 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that PpPLENA might interfere with the endogenous activity of TAGL1, thereby activating the fruit ripening pathway earlier compared with wild-type tomato plants.
Abstract: MADS-box genes have been shown to play a role in the formation of fruits, both in Arabidopsis and in tomato. In peach, two C-class MADS-box genes have been isolated. Both of them are expressed during flower and mesocarp development. Here a detailed analysis of a gene that belongs to the PLENA subfamily of MADS-box genes is shown. The expression of this PLENA-like gene (PpPLENA) increases during fruit ripening, and its ectopic expression in tomato plants causes the transformation of sepals into carpel-like structures that become fleshy and ripen like real fruits. Interestingly, the transgenic berries constitutively expressing the PpPLENA gene show an accelerated ripening, as judged by the expression of genes that are important for tomato fruit ripening. It is suggested that PpPLENA might interfere with the endogenous activity of TAGL1, thereby activating the fruit ripening pathway earlier compared with wild-type tomato plants.
81 citations
TL;DR: The general attributes of the angiosperm carpel are described and several hypotheses for its evolutionary origin are described, as carpels share many developmental processes with leaves, and the regulation of carpel and fruit development in the modelAngiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana is described.
Abstract: The carpel is the female reproductive organ that encloses the ovules in the flowering plants or angiosperms. The origin of the carpel and its subsequent morphological modifications were probably of vital importance to the evolution of the angiosperms, and the carpel is also very important as the precursor organ to the fruit. Here we describe the general attributes of the angiosperm carpel and several hypotheses for its evolutionary origin. As carpels share many developmental processes with leaves, we describe these processes in the leaf, and then detail the regulation of carpel and fruit development in the model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. We also describe the relationship between carpel formation and the arrest of organ proliferation which occurs at the centre of the Arabidopsis floral meristem. We then provide a brief overview of carpel development in angiosperms occupying important phylogenetic positions, including ANA grade angiosperms, monocots, basal eudicots and core eudicots, focussing on the probable ancestral state of the carpel in each case, and on the available molecular and genetic data. We end with a brief discussion of future research directions relating to carpel and fruit development.
71 citations
TL;DR: The B-type gene EgMADS16 was functionally characterized as a PISTILLATA orthologue; it was able to complement an Arabidopsis thalianapi mutant and whether EgMads16, or any of the other EgM ADS genes, are functionally involved in the mantled condition remains to be established.
Abstract: In vitro propagation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) frequently induces a somaclonal variant called ‘mantled’ abnormality, in which the stamens of both male and female flowers are transformed into carpels. This leads to a reduced yield or complete loss of the harvest of palm oil. The high frequency of the abnormality in independent lines and the high reversal rate suggest that it is due to an epigenetic change. The type of morphological changes suggest that it involves homeotic MADS box genes that regulate the identity of the flower whorls. We have isolated a number of MADS box genes from oil palm inflorescences by a MADS box-directed mRNA display approach. The isolated partial cDNAs included genes that were likely to function at the initial stages of flowering as well as genes that may function in determination of the inflorescence and the identity of the flower whorls. For four genes that were homologous to genes known to affect the reproductive parts of the flower, full length cDNAs were isolated. These were a B-type MADS box gene which may function in the determination of stamen formation, a C-type gene expected to be involved in stamen and carpel formation, and two putative SEP genes which act in concert with the A-, B- and C-type MADS box gene in determining flower whorl formation. The B-type gene EgMADS16 was functionally characterized as a PISTILLATA orthologue; it was able to complement an Arabidopsis thaliana
pi mutant. Whether EgMADS16, or any of the other EgMADS genes, are functionally involved in the mantled condition remains to be established.
42 citations
TL;DR: Non-coding RNA-controlled mechanisms described in the current literature that act coordinating the main steps of gynoecium development/patterning and fruit ripening are summarized.
Abstract: Fruits are originated from the transition of a quiescent ovary to a fast-growing young fruit. The evolution of reproductive structures such as ovary and fruit has made seed dispersal easier, which is a key process for reproductive success in flowering plants. The complete fruit development and ripening are characterized by a remarkable phenotypic plasticity which is orchestrated by a myriad of genetic factors. In this context, transcriptional regulation by non-coding small (i.e., microRNAs) and long (lncRNAs) RNAs underlies important mechanisms controlling reproductive organ development. These mechanisms may act together and interact with other pathways (i.e., phytohormones) to regulate cell fate and coordinate reproductive organ development. Functional genomics has shown that non-coding RNAs regulate a diversity of developmental reproductive stages, from carpel formation and ovary development to the softening of the ripe/ripened fruit. This layer of transcriptional control has been associated with ovule, seed, and fruit development as well as fruit ripening, which are crucial developmental processes in breeding programs because of their relevance for crop production. The final ripe fruit is the result of a process under multiple levels of regulation, including mechanisms orchestrated by microRNAs and lncRNAs. Most of the studies we discuss involve work on tomato and Arabidopsis. In this review, we summarize non-coding RNA-controlled mechanisms described in the current literature that act coordinating the main steps of gynoecium development/patterning and fruit ripening.
30 citations
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Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 2 |