Topic
Caroverine
About: Caroverine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 54 publications have been published within this topic receiving 905 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: The results confirm the working hypothesis on the genesis of cochlear-synaptic tinnitus that caroverine acted as a potent competitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazone-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist and, in higher dosages, a non-competitive N- methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist.
Abstract: This study was performed to examine whether a single infusion of caroverine, a quinoxaline-derivative, can be used successfully in the treatment of inner ear tinnitus. Microiontophoretical experiments in guinea-pigs have shown that caroverine acted as a potent competitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazone-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist and, in higher dosages, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. According to our working hypothesis of the pathophysiology of inner ear tinnitus (cochlear-synaptic tinnitus), these forms of tinnitus occur when the physiological activity of the NMDA and AMPA receptors at the subsynaptic membranes of inner hair cell afferents is disturbed. In total, 60 patients with inner ear tinnitus of assumed cochlear-synaptic pathophysiology were included in the study: after computerized randomization, 30 were treated with caroverine and 30 with placebo. For a response to have occurred, tinnitus had to show a reduction in both subjective rating and psychoacoustic measurement (tinnitus matching). In the caroverine group, 63.3% responded to therapy immediately after the infusion. In the placebo group, none of the patients treated showed a significant response according to the defined success criteria. The results confirm our working hypothesis on the genesis of cochlear-synaptic tinnitus.
104 citations
TL;DR: The strong antioxidant activity of caroverine is based both on the partial prevention and highly active scavenging of hydroxyl radicals.
101 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that caroverine appears to be effective for the treatment of non-conductive smell disorders and significantly improved odor identification ability in anosmic patients and in hyposmic patients.
Abstract: The treatment of non-conductive olfactory disorders is to a large extent an unsolved problem. This proof-of-concept study focused on possible effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist caroverine. Potential mechanisms for the hypothesized effect included reduced feedback inhibition in the olfactory bulb as a consequence of NMDA antagonistic actions and antagonism of an excitotoxic action of glutamate. A total of 77 consecutive patients with non-conductive olfactory disorders were included in the study. Fifty-one patients received caroverine for 4 weeks (120 mg/day); 26 controls matched for age, gender and duration of olfactory loss were treated with zinc sulfate for the same length of time (400 mg/day). Olfactory sensitivity was evaluated before and after treatment. Testing included assessment of n-butanol odor threshold and odor identification. When compared to baseline, treatment with caroverine improved both odor thresholds (p = 0.005) and odor identification (p = 0.042) in anosmic patients. In hyposmic patients it significantly improved odor identification ability (p = 0.041). In contrast, zinc sulfate had no significant effect on olfactory function. These results indicate that caroverine appears to be effective for the treatment of non-conductive smell disorders.
84 citations
TL;DR: Magnesium and the quinoxaline derivative Caroverine, which have already been tested in humans, exhibit a statistically significant otoneuroprotective action in noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus.
Abstract: With the aid of microiontophoretic techniques we evaluated the action of different postsynaptic glutamate receptor subtypes that mediate neurotransmission between the inner hair cell and the afferent neuron. The sensory input is modulated by axodendritic efferents. In the central nervous system, excessive activation of glutamate receptors is thought to be responsible for a wide variety of neurotoxic actions, and calcium is involved in the etiology of glutamate-induced cell damage. Glutamatergic neurotoxicity may form an appropriate pathophysiological model to explain a variety of inner ear diseases characterized by acute or progressive hearing loss and tinnitus. In clinical trials, three sites of action are thought to attenuate glutamatergic otoneurotoxicity: presynaptically, via the reduction of excessive transmitter release; postsynaptically, via competitive or noncompetitive receptor antagonism; and intracellularly, via blockage of glutamate receptor-dependent calcium stores. The drugs discussed in this paper are currently available clinically and have only recently been found to attenuate glutamate toxicity. Magnesium and the quinoxaline derivative Caroverine, which have already been tested in humans, exhibit a statistically significant otoneuroprotective action in noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus. The intensive search for further drugs that enhance the survival of cochlear afferents without disrupting acoustic signal processing is one of the main goals of research in clinical otoneuropharmacology in the near future.
83 citations
TL;DR: Drug loading and metabolism can be thoroughly reduced by the application of caroverine--another important point in treatment of alcoholism, and this novel indication of a group-B Ca2+ channel blocker presents an interesting feature, which seems to warrant further investigation.
Abstract: We present a randomized double-blind study on the efficacy of caroverine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The group B Ca2+ channel blocking agent caroverine was tested again
77 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 3 |
| 2016 | 1 |